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Development and reliability and validity test of the diabetic retinopathy risk perception questionnaire for patients with diabetes mellitus
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Lanting XIA1, Xiangyun QIAN2, Guiling GENG1, 3, Huiying GAO1, Chunxing GE1
Chinese Nursing Research | 2026, 40(4) : 611 - 617
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Chinese Nursing Research | 2026, 40(4): 611-617
• Scale Study •
Development and reliability and validity test of the diabetic retinopathy risk perception questionnaire for patients with diabetes mellitus
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Lanting XIA1, Xiangyun QIAN2, Guiling GENG1, 3, Huiying GAO1, Chunxing GE1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226019 China
  • 2Nantong Third People's Hospital(Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University)
  • 3Nantong Institute of Technology
Published: 2026-02-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.04.012
Outline
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Objective

To develop the diabetic retinopathy risk perception questionnaire for patients with diabetes mellitus,and to test its reliability and validity,in order to provide an effective tool for assessing the perception of retinopathy risk.

Methods

Based on the protection motivation theory as the theoretical framework,a questionnaire was developed through literature analysis,expert consultation,and pre-survey.Using cluster random sampling method,a total of 402 diabetic patients from 3 community health centers were selected for the investigation to test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.

Results

The response rates of the two rounds of expert questionnaire inquiries were 90.48% and 100.00%.The expert authority coefficient was 0.93.The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.865.The Cronbach's α coefficients of all dimensions were 0.844,0.892,0.828,0.831,0.845,0.901,and 0.823. The scale-level content validity index(S-CVI) was 0.968.The item-level content validity index(I-CVI) ranged from 0.86 to 1.00.Exploratory factor analysis extracted 7 common factors.The cumulative variance contribution rate was 68.589%.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit was good overall.The diabetic retinopathy risk perception questionnaire for patients with diabetes mellitus was compiled,including 7 dimensions of severity,susceptibility,internal reward,external reward,self-efficacy,response efficacy and response cost,with a total of 30 items.

Conclusions

The diabetic retinopathy risk perception questionnaire for patients with diabetes mellitus has good reliability and validity.It could be used to evaluate the level of risk perception of diabetic retinopathy in patients.

diabetic retinopathy  /  risk perception  /  reliability  /  validity  /  scale study
夏兰婷, 钱湘云, 耿桂灵, 高会英, 葛春杏. 糖尿病病人视网膜病变风险感知问卷的编制及信效度检验. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (4) : 611 -617 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.04.012
Lanting XIA, Xiangyun QIAN, Guiling GENG, Huiying GAO, Chunxing GE. Development and reliability and validity test of the diabetic retinopathy risk perception questionnaire for patients with diabetes mellitus[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (4) : 611 -617 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.04.012
Year 2026 volume 40 Issue 4
24
10
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.04.012
  • Receive Date:2025-05-05
  • Online Date:2026-10-28
  • Published:2026-02-25
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History
  • Received:2025-05-05
  • Revised:2026-02-01
Affiliations
    1School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226019 China
    2Nantong Third People's Hospital(Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University)
    3Nantong Institute of Technology

Corresponding:

QIAN Xiangyun, E-mail:
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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