Pingxi pluton is located in the northern section of the Taoshan-Zhuguang uranium mineralization belt，and a number of uranium mineralization occurrences have been found in the pluton by previous researchers，However，the systematical study were conducted on the uranium metallogenic conditions such as lithology，structure and alteration in the area，and the overall evaluation of uranium resource potential was not completed and no specific suggestions or opinions been put forward in the main mineralization control factors for the uranium exploration. In order to find the direction of next exploration，this paper systematically discussed the uranium mineralization characteristics of the pluton by geological investigation，physical survey and chemical analysis，analyzes the conditions of uranium mineralization and ore-controlling factors. The study concluded that the Pingxi pluton is a multi-stage S-type uranium-producing granite，with strong magmatic-tectonic hydrothermal activity，uranium mineralization is mainly controlled by the NNE-NE oriented fracture，and located at the intersection of different striking of fractures，the ore body is set in the fissures of the secondary fracture，which is often accompanied by multi-phase hydrothermal alteration，the hematitization and silicification is the main prospecting sign. The predicted favorite mineralization sectors are Shuangkeng-Fuzhu section where strong magmatic hydrothermal activity occurred in the early to late Yanshan period，with northeast trending Shankeng-Pingxi and northwest trending Luyuan-Hexi-Fuzhu ore controlling faults which extend stably into the deep with strong hydrothermal alteration such as silicification，hematitiztion and pyritization，and geophysical and geochemical anomalies are developed in the shallow and deep. Therefore there is great metallogenic potential in the deep and peripheral areas.

The Lianhua Mountain area in Yingjiang county，Yunnan province，is one of the several w regions in Yunnan that contains medium-high temperature geothermal resources. Previous geothermal research was more focused on meeting the actual production needs, lack of the in-depth exploration in aspects such as the sources of geothermal water chemical components，water-rock interactions，multi-method evaluations of reservoir temperatures，and the genetic mechanisms of geothermal systems. Based on hydro-geochemical methods，this paper aims to identify the circulation process of geothermal water and clarify the formation mechanism of the geothermal system. Through mathematical statistics and correlation analysis of hydrochemical indicators，Piper diagrams，Schoeller diagrams，diagrams of the relationships between anions and cations，hydrogen and oxygen isotope analysis，SiO₂ geothermal temperature scale，and the multi-mineral equilibrium method，a systematic study was carried out on the geothermal water chemical types，sources of major ionic components，recharge sources of geothermal water，reservoir temperatures，and circulation depths in the Yingjiang basin. Subsequently，the origin of geothermal water was inferred. The results show that the hydrochemical type of the geothermal fields in the Yingjiang basin is HCO₃-Na type. The major ionic components in the geothermal water originate from the dissolution of halide minerals，feldspars，fluorides，gypsum，and other minerals，and are influenced by cation-exchange reactions. The geothermal water is mainly recharged by mountainous atmospheric precipitation at an altitude between 1 348-1 571 m. The deep reservoir temperature is 168.2 °C. During the upwelling process，the geothermal water undergoes water-rock interactions and cation-exchange reactions with the surrounding rocks，resulting in the changes of its hydrochemical components. The heat source of the reservoir mainly comes from the magma chamber in the deep crust. Part of the heat is transferred upward in the form of heat convection through the connection of the Sudian-type fault zone，and the other part is transferred upward through rocks in the form of heat conduction. Atmospheric precipitation infiltrates and circulates along the water-conducting structure，absorbs the heat transferred upward by the magma chamber，and heated. Eventually，a convective-conductive composite hydrothermal system dominated by HCO₃-Na type water formed near the fault zone.

Underground Research Laboratories (URLs) play a crucial role in the siting process of high-level radioactive waste disposal. A study of evaluating the structural stability of Beishan URLs site was carried out, considering regional seismic and geological environment. After over a decade of site stability evaluations，techniques were developed to identify weakly active faults in stable crustal areas and assess their seismic potential. A method for determining design seismic motions was proposed，accounting for the source，propagation path，and local site characteristics. An efficient，high-precision time-domain analysis method for deeply buried，complex URL systems was proposed，along with a rock-structure numerical model to reveal seismic performance and its impact on the structural stability of the Beishan URL. The research determined the seismic fortification intensity for the Beishan URL，provided key seismic input parameters for structural design，and presented the seismic response results, supporting the construction of a site descriptive model (SDM) and site suitability assessment for the disposal repository.

The development of nuclear energy is inseparable from the treatment and disposal of radioactive waste. Geopolymer is a promising radioactive waste solidification material. In this study，metakaolin was used as the substrate to prepare metakaolin polymer, which was used to solidify Cs and real radioactive waste. The properties of metakaolin geopolymer were investigated by characterization and leaching experiments. Characterization experiments show that metakaolin geopolymer with three-dimensional network structure has high compressive strength, which can meet the strength requirements of radioactive waste solidified body. At the same time, the solidification of Cs in metakaolin polymer is uniform. However， the incorporation of Cs will hinder the growth of silicon and aluminum network skeleton and reduce the gel structure of the system，resulting in the increase of porosity and the decrease of compressive strength of geopolymer cured body. The leaching experiments of Cs and real waste water in deionized water and real groundwater show that metakaolin polymer has excellent Cs retention ability，and has low leaching rate and cumulative leaching fraction，which is better than the value specified in the national standard. In general，metakaolin geopolymer performs well in physical compression resistance and Cs retention，and is a material with great application potential.

To appropriate deal the high-level radioactive waste with internationally recognized method, deep geological disposal repository with multibarrier system is being planned to construct in China. As one of the most important engineering barriers，the canister should maintain integrity and avoid any deformation to meet the safety functions of containing radioactive waste and isolating it from groundwater over the design lifetime. Therefore，it is crucial to reasonably design the shape and thickness of the canister. The properties of the canister materials are important factors affecting the shape and thickness design of the canister. Carbon steel is one of the candidate materials for high-level waste canister in China. Since Japan has chosen carbon steel as the canister material and has completed the trial production of the canister， this paper mainly systematically introduced the design concept about basic shape and thickness of the canister for high-level radioactive in Japan，and analyzed the key factors that need to be considered in the design of the shape and thickness for the canister. Also, emphasis was placed on the determination of the pressure thickness parameter and radiation shielding thickness parameter to provide guidance for the design of the canister for high-level radioactive in China.

A year-long investigation of air radon concentration at Beishan URL site and its surrounding areas was carried out using solid-state nuclear track detectors at 24 points，with quarterly sampling and measurements conducted. The results indicated that the annual radon concentration in the region ranged from 10 to 64 Bq·m^-3，with a geometric mean (GM) of 27 Bq·m^-3. The overall radon levels exhibited distinct seasonal variations, with the highest concentrations occurring from April to June and the lowest from January to March. The differences in radon concentrations between different areas were small and remained relatively stable. Construction disturbances in the active construction zones had a localized impact on radon concentrations，but due to favorable air diffusion conditions，this effect did not result in a widespread increase in radon levels. This suggests that the direct impact of human activities on regional radon concentrations is limited. According to the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis，a significant positive correlation was observed between temperature and radon concentrations，with radon levels increasing as temperatures rose at most measurement points. In contrast，the influence of wind speed on radon concentrations was more complex，with considerable variability in correlation across different points，likely influenced by other factors，warranting further investigation. This study provides data support and practical insights for long-term radon monitoring and health risk assessment at the Beishan URL.

Nuclear power thermal discharge is one of the important factors affecting the surrounding environment during its operation，which can have an impact on the temperature，water quality，and distribution of aquatic organisms in the nearby sea area. This article provided an overview of the current status of nuclear power thermal discharge monitoring technology both home and abroad，including traditional monitoring methods，remote sensing monitoring methods(satellite remote sensing，aerial remote sensing)，numerical simulations and physical model experiments，as well as emerging technologies (unmanned underwater vehicles，sensor networks and biological monitoring); the advantages and disadvantages of existing technologies and the facing challenges were analyzed，an outlook was provided on future technological development trends，emphasizing the importance of high-resolution satellite remote sensing technology，unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing technology，and intelligent real-time monitoring systems. The review provides reference for nuclear power plant thermal discharge monitoring，promote innovation and development of related technologies，and better reservation of the marine environment.

With the rapid development of China’s nuclear power industry，the impact of thermal discharge on the surrounding marine environment is increasingly attracting attention. Objective and accurate background temperatures are crucial for accurately assessing the thermal effects of warm water discharge. In this article, the sea area near a nuclear power plant in Fujian was studied. Based on long-term thermal infrared satellite data before the operation of the first unit，the distribution of sea surface temperature field under different seasons and tidal conditions was obtained through temperature inversion. By using grid method and correlation analysis method，the sub zones with the highest temperature correlation inside and outside the submersible discharge area were determined，and a continuous background temperature field with multi-point temperature coupling was constructed. The temperature rise field was extracted using recent thermal infrared satellite data，and the impact of the operation of four units on the temperature rise in the nearby sea area was evaluated. The results shows that using the multi-point temperature substitution method to extract the reference temperature is effective and reliable. Before the operation of nuclear power，the temperature field in the study area showed significant temperature differences and band like distribution characteristics：in winter，the temperature gradually decreased from offshore to nearshore，while in summer and other months with higher temperatures，the opposite trend was observed. After the operation of the nuclear power plant，there was a significant temperature rise area in the sea area near the discharge outlet. During the ebb tide period，the temperature discharge mainly affected Qingchuan Bay，while during the flood tide period，both Qingchuan Bay and Wendu Bay were affected. The area of temperature rise exceeding 2.0 ℃ is larger in winter than in summer under the same tidal state，and the area during high tide is larger than that during low tide in the same season.

This article made a temperature field analysis in a nearshore waters of a nuclear power plant in Fujian Province，and uses Landsat-8/9 TIRS thermal infrared satellite remote sensing data was used to study the temperature field distribution characteristics in different seasons before and after nuclear power operation. The research results show that the temperature inversion results of Landsat-8/9 TIRS data based on the radiative transfer equation algorithm have high reliability. Before the operation of nuclear power plants，there were significant differences in temperature field characteristics in different seasons in the sea area near the nuclear power plant site. In winter，the temperature field was generally more uniform，slightly higher in the south than in the north and slightly higher in the east than in the west. The water temperature near the water intake was slightly higher than that near the drainage outlet. The maximum temperature difference within 4 km of the plant site was about 1.5 ℃，and within 2 km was about 1.0 ℃. In summer，there was a large temperature difference in the region，showing the characteristics of being higher in the north and lower in the south，and higher in the west and lower in the east. The maximum temperature difference within 4 km of the plant site was about 5.5 ℃，and within 2km was about 2.5 ℃，and some parts were distributed in a disorderly manner. The water temperature near the drainage.After the operation of the nuclear power plant，the characteristics of the regional temperature field are basically the same as before，but there are obvious high-temperature bright spots at the drainage outlet，with a maximum temperature exceeding the surrounding area by 3.0 ℃. The intensity and area of the high-temperature bright spots in winter are greater than those in summer，indicating that the impact of thermal drainage discharge on the temperature field in the nearby sea area is stronger in winter than in summer.The flow direction of the current affects the local distribution of the temperature field，and the diffusion direction of the warm water discharge is related to the flow direction of the current. The Landsat-8/9 TIRS data basically meet the needs of regional temperature field distribution research，but it is difficult to realize the monitoring of full tidal temperature and drainage.

This paper established a high-temperature infrared method to determine the total carbon in nuclear grade boron carbide. The optimal experimental conditions were determined by studying the testing temperature，sample weight，selection of flux，and flux coverage method. At the same time, accuracy，precision，detection limit and quantification limit of the method were determined. The results show that the optimal testing temperature is 1 400 ℃，which not only ensures the release of total carbon but also extends the service life of the instrument. The optimal sample weight is 20-30 mg. Tin particles has the best melting effect，and boron carbide has the highest carbon release efficiency. The best coverage method was found to be 0.4 g tin particle + boron carbide + 0.6 g tin particle，and the carbon in boron carbide was totally released. The high-temperature infrared method for determining total carbon in nuclear grade boron carbide is good in accuracy and precision，the test results of boron carbide certified reference material are all within the uncertainty range of the certified value, while the RSD is<1.5 %, and the detection limit of the method is 0.001 9 %. This method is simple and fast，it can meet the requirements for measuring total carbon in nuclear grade boron carbide.