Hyperspectral remote sensing technology has been widely used in many fields due to its high spectral resolution and rich spectral information. Object classification is one of the key techniques to fully use the hyperspectral data. Based on the investigation and summary of the research status of hyperspectral image classification technology，experiments were conducted in the mining area north of Jinchang，Gansu province. A comparative analysis was mainly carried out from two aspects：supervised classification and unsupervised classification. Taking the spectral Angle method as an example，the key factors affecting the classification performance of different methods were deeply discussed. The results show that the accuracy of supervised classification method is better than that of unsupervised classification for the areas with insufficient spatial characteristics like the experimental area, in which the Maximum Likelihood Classification is the best, and it also proves that unsupervised classification is not suitable for mineral classification in the similar areas.

Traditional mining operations，constrained by technological limitations such as insufficient accuracy in ore body exploration and low automation levels in mining equipment，as well as natural constraints including complex geological structures and harsh underground conditions，have long suffered from persistent systemic issues including low precision in mining processes，declining production efficiency, and accumulating safety risks，thereby severely constrained the high-quality development of the mining industry. With the rapid advancement of information technology，smart mining technology has emerged as a crucial solution to address these issues and promote industrial transformation. Based on systematic analysis and summarization of key technologies in smart mining，this study designed and developed an integrated management platform to achieve intelligent management and efficient operation of smart mines. Particularly through the integration and application of communication technologies，Internet of Things (IoT)，big data analytics，and cloud computing，this platform significantly enhances mining safety and production efficiency. Through deep integration of 5G and IoT technologies，smart mining systems have significantly improved data transmission speed and stability while supporting massive real-time data transfer. IoT devices equipped with multiple sensors enable comprehensive monitoring of environmental parameters (temperature/humidity)，equipment status，and personnel positioning，establishing a highly interconnected intelligent system. The convergence of big data and cloud computing technologies effectively addresses complex and massive data demands in mining operations，achieving real-time data sharing and distributed processing while optimizing data storage and computational efficiency. Combined with big data analytics，smart mining systems can rapidly analyze multi-dimensional data and perform deep mining to provide accurate trend predictions. Future advancements in technology and management models are expected to enable higher-level intelligentization and automation in smart mines，providing robust support for the high-quality development of the mining industry.

Accurately determining the arsenic （As） content in stream sediments can provide data for geological exploration. Traditional method for analyzing As is atomic fluorescence spectrometry （AFS） with diluted acid as the carrier， this study investigated the memory effect and stability of AFS using water as the carrier for As, analyzed the procedural blanks of As in two methods—mixed acids digestion and aqua regia extraction and the background of four reagents （HNO₃，HCl，HF，HClO₄）with AFS，discussed the impact of reagent backgrounds on the results. The results indicate that the AFS using water carrier has low memory effect and superior stability，and it only takes 30 s to finish the analysis of a sample. The total procedural blank of As in the mixed acid dissolution is higher than that in the aqua regia extraction，and the background in HF is the highest among the reagents，leading to a significant deviation of the reference values from the recommended values. The study established a method combining aqua regia extraction with water carrier AFS analysis，with a detection limit of 0.028 μg·g^-1，accuracy from 0.14 % to 4.0 %，and precision better than 3.4 %，making it suitable for rapid analysis of a large number of samples.

To meet the requirements of thermoionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) for the determination of low-abundance isotopes，it is necessary to configure a secondary electron multiplier (SEM) or Daly detector ion counting detector on the TIMS. Compared to SEM，Daly offers high gain，low noise， good linearity，long service life, and the photomultiplier tube is located outside the instrument’s vacuum system and easy to replace，making it more cost-effective. The authors developed Daly detector consists of a detection chamber，an ion conversion pole，a plastic scintillator，a fast-response photomultiplier tube，a preamplifier，a single-photon counter，a power supply，and the measurement and control software. The response gating of the Daly detector can be adjusted between 0.1~2 V，the photomultiplier tube has a high voltage of 800~900 V，the ion counting background is less than 0.1 cps，and the highest count rate is 40 Mcps. In this paper，the performance of the Daly detector was verified by uranium isotope composition determination, and the results showed that the intra-test precision of Daly for the CRM0002 isotope abundance of ²³⁵U/²³⁸U was 0.073 %，and the intra-test precision of the isotope abundance of UTB500 was 0.139 %，0.056 % and 0.214 % respectively for ²³⁴U /²³⁸U，²³⁵U /²³⁸U and ²³⁶U /²³⁸U，which met the requirements of ASTM C1625—19.

In order to reveal the complete geological structure of Xiangshan volcanic basin and explore the metallogenic prospect and potential in the central part of the basin, the Xiangshan Uranium Field Deep Scientific Exploration phase II project deployed a 3 000 meter deep scientific borehole, named CUSD2-1, at “Xingshuxia” in the central part of the basin. To insure the smooth conduction of the drilling, we adopted the advanced AC frequency conversion electric top drive geological core drill, large diameter wireline core drilling technology, anti-inclination and control wireline core drilling tools, high efficiency diamond bit and efficient drag reducing lubricating drilling fluid, which successfully solved the technical problems of deep drilling in complex formation, such as low drilling speed in hard rock, stable hole wall in broken formation, hole leakage, anti-inclination and control in strongly deflecting formation, and safe drilling with large diameter wireline coring, and finally drilled to the predetermined depth, creating the deepest record of S (φ150 mm) diameter wireline coring in geological core drilling in China, and revealed the deep formation structure. This deep drilling provides valuable geological data for deep uranium resource exploration in Xiangshan, which not only has special significance for the scientific research and exploration of deep uranium resources, but also has great significance for the improvement of engineering technology for deep-ultra deep geological drilling.

Delingha depression in the eastern Qaidam basin is believed a potential area for sandstone type uranium deposit in the target stata of the Neogene Shizigou formation and the Shangyoushashan formation. The in-depth investigation on the sedimentary facies characteristics and evolution of strata will provide valuable guidance for uranium exploration. Detailed observations of lithofacies assemblages and sedimentary formation in field outcrops，drilling cores, and well logging analyses have identified that the alluvial fan-braided river delta-lake are the dominant sedimentary facies type in the study area. Among these，the distributary channels in the braided river delta plain and subaqueous distributary channels in the braided river delta front are well-developed with significant scale and good connectivity，providing a favorable sedimentary environment for uranium enrichment. This new understanding has contributed to the knowledge of the spatial and temporal distribution of sand bodies in the Shizigou formation and the Shangyoushashan formations in the eastern Qaidam basin，and provided key information in guiding the future prospecting and exploration.

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the exploration of sandstone type uranium deposits in the Subash area of the Turpan-Hami basin. Exploration shows that heterogeneity of sand bodies is one of the key factors controlling uranium mineralization. This article systematically analyzes the thickness, sand content, sedimentary facies, aquiclude numbers, ore bearing sandstone grain size, and organic matter content of the Xishanyao formation in the Subash area, identifies the spatial variation characteristics of sand heterogeneity, and explores its relationship with uranium mineralization. The research results show that the thickness of sand bodies in distributary channels is relatively large, with good connectivity and strong homogeneity. The heterogeneity is strong at the bay between the distributaries, with well-developed mudstone barriers and thin sand bodies. The variation of spatial heterogeneity in sand bodies causes the changes in the direction of oxygen and uranium water transport, resulting in a decrease in fluid transport velocity, leading to uranium unloading and precipitation for the mineralization. In the Subashi area, the favorable condition for uranium mineralization is that the thickness of the sand body is 19-54m, the sand content is 60 % -80 %, the number of aquiclude is 3-5, and the lithology is fine sandstone at the transition between the underwater distributary channel and the bay with high organic matter content.

This article analyzes the petrological characteristics，geochemical features，provenance composition，structural background, and sedimentary environment of uranium bearing sandstone in the lower member of the Toutunhe formation in the Louzhuangzi area by the methods of geochemical analysis，microscopic identification and core observation，and preliminarily explores their relationship with uranium mineralization. The results show that the tectonic background of the ore-bearing sandstone source rocks in the lower member of the Toutunhe formation is mainly the active continental margin and the passive continental margin. The special tectonic background provided favorable conditions for the migration of uranium. The source of sandstone debris was dominated by neutral igneous rock，and the parent rock was mainly calc-alkaline granite with a small amount of pyroclastic rock，sedimentary rock and metamorphic rock，which indicated the sandstone from multi-source nature，and has a good uranium source. The sandstone formed in a warm and humid paleoclimate and the source rock was strongly weathered. The sandstone is rich in reducing medium，reflecting that the lower member of Toutunhe formation was in a reducing environment and has good primary reduction ability. The content of major elements of the sandstone debris in the target layer has the characteristics of rich alkali，high silicon and weak aluminum，and the ore-bearing sandstone are of lower w(SiO₂) and w(Al₂O₃) and higher w(CaO) than those of the sterile sandstone. The difference of component content in the sand body of the ore-bearing member is characterized by strong clay alteration and carbonate development. U，Mo and Se are relatively enriched，and other trace elements are relatively depleted except for Ga，which is comparable to the sedimentary rocks in China. The content of trace elements in ore-bearing samples of the same borehole is generally higher than that in sterile samples， U，Mo，Se，V，Ge，Ti，Sc and Y are significantly increased, which indicated that the trace elements in the sand body of the target layer also have migrated and enriched in the uranium mineralization process.

Pyrite is the most common metal sulfide mineral in mineral deposits，mostly formed at the stages of uranium mineralization. Its typological characteristics have important indicative significance for deep mineral exploration and prediction. This article uses electron microscopy，powder diffraction，thermoelectric analyzer，and electron probe system to analyze the typological characteristics of pyrite at different mineralization stages and elevations in the Shulouqiu uranium deposit. The research results show that the n（S）/n（Fe） values of pyrite in this area indicate a deficiency in S characteristics. Analysis of characteristic elements such as δFe，δS，As，Se，Co，Ni，etc. shows that the genesis of pyrite in this area is mainly magmatic hydrothermal. The characteristics of the crystal cell parameters of pyrite indicate that the substitution of S with As in a isomorphic form is the main cause of the increase in a₀ and also an important factor leading to the precipitation of U element. The thermoelectric coefficient value （a）of pyrite is -301.0~332.2 μV·℃^-1，and the thermal conductivity type is mainly P-type. The formation temperature of pyrite is 74~386 ℃，belonging to a medium low temperature deposit. The thermal electric coefficient dispersion （δa′）of pyrite indicates a mineralization period with a δa’of 82.1，indicating a relatively stable mineralization environment and a weak degree of superposition；The δa’values in the early and late stages of mineralization are 201.6 and 224.9，respectively，indicating that they may have been formed by the superposition of multiple stages of hydrothermal fluids，with a relatively high degree of superposition； The δa′ values at each stage gradually decrease with the decrease of levels，and are relatively concentrated，indicating that the mineralization become relatively better as the depth increases. The thermoelectric parameter X_np of pyrite is -40.0~61.0，and the erosion percentage（γ） of the ore body is 34.8 %~60.0 %，with an average of 48.9，indicating that the deposit has been eroded to the middle and still has significant extension in the deeper part. Comprehensive analysis suggests that there is still good mineralization and prospecting potential in the deep part of the deposit.

In order to explore the uranium mineralization specific characteristics of granite， the geochemical characteristics of Mesozoic-producing and non-producing uranium granites in the Nanling region were analyzed on the base of systematic collection of previous research. The results show that both uranium deposit host and non deposit granites are mainly formed by partial melting of Precambrian metamorphic sedimentary rocks，but the uranium deposit host granites are mainly formed by partially melting U-rich mudstones, while the non-deposit granites are the partially melted products of uranium-depleted sandstone. Compared with uranium deposit host granites，the biotite crystallization temperature in uranium deposit host granites is relatively low，F-rich and Cl-poor，and the magmatic melt has lower oxygen fugacity values，suggesting that uranium deposit host granites formed at relatively low temperatures and low oxygen fugacity. The low temperature, low oxygen fugacity，and F-rich physical and chemical environment are favorable for U to continuously enter the melt during the magma crystallization and differentiation and combine with oxygen to form uranite that are liable to undergo secondary alteration. The formation of uranite provides a good material basis for uranium mineralization.