The calculation code based on BKW (Becker-Kistiakowsky-Wilson) equation of state was programmed, which was not only able to calculate the detonation parameters of traditional explosives containing C, H, O and N elements but also calculate those of some special explosives containing plenty of other metal elements. The detonation parameters of the emulsion explosives containing Fe and Mn elements and the water-gel explosives containing Al element were calculated using this new code and were compared with the experimental values and the data from published papers and original BKW program. The results indicated that the calculated parameters are well satisfied with those obtained from experimental data with the relative error less than 1%. In the calculation process, only the chemical formula, density and formation heat of explosives at normal temperature and pressure are needed.

Friction is important in the production and application of pyrotechnics, and the dynamic friction coefficient is a key parameter for quantitative analyzing the friction work. A new method for determining the dynamic friction coefficient is presented, which combines the physical model of MGY-1 friction device with theoretical analysis and numerical calculations. The dynamic friction coefficients of three pyrotechnic simple substances including potassium nitrate, magnesium and aluminum alloy and sulfur, and two pyrotechnic compounds are measured using this method. The results show that the dynamic friction coefficients of the pyrotechnics are range values, and the dynamic friction coefficient of potassium nitrate decreases with the addition of magnesium and aluminum alloy and sulfur. Moreover the reasons for producing above two phenomena are analyzed theoretically.

Non-ideal detonation wave propagation in 180° ribs of an insensitive high explosive is studied using the DSD (Detonation Shock Dynamics) method which is combined with the LS (Level Set) method in body-fitted coordinate. The rule of detonation wave propagation in 180° explosive ribs is obtained through comparing and analyzing the computed and experimental results. The explosive ribs can detonate in steady state regime, and in this case the detonation front is steady as viewed in a system of polar coordinates rotating with a fixed angular velocity. The shape and angular velocity of this steady front is independent of the outer radius of the rib. The formation of steady-state regime depends on the rib dimensions and the material of the shells covering the rib edges. Some experimental formulae describing the detonation front propagation in explosive ribs are also studied. It is shown that the change of detonation wave velocity can be accurately described by these experimental formulae, which have reference value for experimental measurement and estimation.

The bacterial phase and qualities of strawberry nectar treated by ultra high pressure (600 MPa, 4 min) at storage of 4 ℃ for seven months are studied. The experimental results show that there are no aerobic bacteria, yeasts or molds detected in the strawberry nectar during storage, from the microbial safety point of view, which indicates that ultra high pressure processing at 600 MPa for 4 min can be used as an alternative preservation method for extending its shelf life. No significant changes are observed for the total soluble solid content, pH value and titratable acidity during storage. However, the color gradually darkens, the contents of total phenols, vitamin C and anthocyanins significantly decrease (P<0.05), and the DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging capacity and ferric reducing ability of plasma decrease (P<0.05) with the prolongation of the storage period. In addition, the esters in the strawberry nectar significantly reduce, and the relative contents of the representative aromatic compounds including linalool and nerol in the strawberry nectar increase dramatically during the storage process (P<0.05).

This review introduces in detail the advantages and applications of high pressure thermal sterilization. The latest research results on the sterilization effects and kinetics of various bacterial spores by this technology are described deeply and comprehensively, and the sterilization mechanism is also preliminarily summarized. Furthermore, this review analyzes the remaining problems and points out the future research direction in field of high pressure thermal sterilization.

The deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) model of the granular HMX was established based on the two-phase detonation model. The equation of state of the gas products was described by the calculated results of the CHEQ-like program which was based on the statistical mechanical theory. The DDT process of the granular HMX beds with an average grain size of 125 μm was numerical simulated by the CE/SE method. The effects of the loading density on the DDT was studied and compared with the experimental results. Numerical results indicate that the run distance to detonation has a U-shaped relation with the loading density.

The ruby pressure scale is revised using available static compression data of eleven markers at pressures up to 160 GPa, which includes Al, Cu, W, Au, Pt, Ta, Ag, Mo, Ni, Co, and Zn. The shock wave reduced isotherms of these markers are derived from shock Hugoniot and thermodynamic data using the same theoretical framework. These isotherms are then used to calibrate the ruby pressure scale, which shows good consistency based on simultaneous volume measurements. The calibration was processed by fitting all of these data to two ruby pressure scale forms, and gives the parameters A=1 923.4 GPa, B=9.75, and m=1 889.0 GPa, n=5.48, respectively. These two sets of ruby pressure scale differ by less than 2.1 GPa in the pressure range of 200 GPa. Making use of our ruby pressure scale in latter form, the static compression data of Au are reassessed. When the bulk modulus is fixed at 167 GPa, fitting the reassessed pressure-volume data to Vinet equation of state gives the first order pressure derivative of bulk modulus as 5.95, which has an excellent agreement with ultrasonic measurements.

The structural stability of Mn₃Zn_0.8Ni_0.2N was investigated up to 29.9 GPa by in situ angle dispersive X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation source and a diamond anvil cell. No structural phase transition was observed in the pressure range of 0-29.9 GPa. This result indicates that the changes in the physical properties of Mn₃Zn_0.8Ni_0.2N under pressure are not induced by structural phase transition. Through fitting the Birch-Murnaghan equation, we obtain the bulk modulus B₀=86.5 GPa for Mn₃Zn_0.8Ni_0.2N, assuming its first order derivative at ambient pressure.

With more and more frequently increasing of human's space activities, ejecta produced by micrometeoroid and small space debris impacting on spacecraft surface will also further affect the space debris environment. The ground experiments and numerical simulations about aluminum sphere projectile hypervelocity impacting on 5A06 aluminum plate were carried out in this work. The mean value of the special ejecta parameters, such as the mean velocity of ejecta, the mean size of ejecta, the mean ejected angle of ejecta, were studied, setting up a foundation for constructing the space debris environment model for ejecta. In this paper, multiple regression method was used to obtain the relation among the mean velocity of ejecta, the impact velocity, and the size of the projectile. The results show that SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) can be effectively used in numerically simulating the mean velocity of ejecta, the mean size of ejecta and the mean ejected angle of ejecta; the mean velocity of ejecta increases with the impact velocity, and the size of the projectile; the ejecta in the process of material ejection can obey cone shape approximately, and the mean ejected angle is nearly 41° but basically unaffected by the impact velocity and the size of the projectile.

Taking SiCl₄ as the precursor and the mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen as the explosion source, the influence on the product was investigated by changing the relative molecular mass of precursor. Through X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the structure, composition and size distribution of the detonation product were characterized and analyzed. The XRF characterization shows that the obtained product is mainly SiO₂ and this product purity is above 99.9%. The XRD characterization indicateds that the nano-SiO₂ powder belongs to the typical amorphous structure. The TEM images show that with the increasing of the relative molecular mass of precursor, the product were bonding gradually and its dispersion was reduced. The relative mole ratio of precursors should be controlled within 1.5.