The inorganic composition of natural bone tissue is mainly calcium phosphate and consists of a variety of other elements necessary to maintain life activities to ensure the normal growth and development of bone tissue. In the preparation of calcium phosphate biomaterials, elemental doping can effectively regulate the morphology of calcium phosphate and have antibacterial properties, immune regulation, angiogenesis, osteoinduction and other biological functions. This review represented the regulatory effects of single-doping or co-doping of Mg, Zn, Sr, Cu, Ag, Co, Ag, Mn, and rare earth elements as well as Se, Si, and F in a variety of calcium phosphate on the structural morphology and biological function of materials. In addition, the future research work of calcium phosphate biomaterials was also proposed to provide a reference for the future research of novel scaffolds in tissue engineering.

In the field of bone repair, the process of bone repair can be accelerated via building a natural bone regeneration microenvironment. An important part of the cellular microenvironment is the bioelectrical signal, which exists in various tissues of the body and plays a key role in regulating stem cell differentiation and tissue repair. The unique electrical properties of electroactive materials can be used to simulate a regenerative electrical microenvironment in bone defects, stimulating the body inherent repair potential and accelerating the repair of bone defects. According to the distinction of applied electrical signals, this review represented recent research work on the use of various types of electroactive materials to promote bone repair in terms of ferroelectric, piezoelectric, electret and conductive materials, providing some ideas to further enhance the therapeutic effect.

Micro-nano bioactive glass (MNBG) has a good biological activity and is widely used in tissue engineering. In recent years, a variety of metal ions are incorporated into the network structure of materials during the preparation of MNBG, thereby endowing MNBG with various physicochemical and biological functional properties. However, the exact mechanism of interaction between the ion release products of MNBG and human cells is not fully clarified. This review represented the preparation methods and processes of MNBG and the application of its lysates in bone and tooth and other hard tissue repair, skin tissue repair, cancer treatment and cell imaging. This review could provide a reference for the further development of MNBGs applied to the biomedical field.

Solid oxide cell (SOC) plays a pivotal role in the reversible conversion of electricity-gas-electricity. The seawater electrolysis through reversible SOC is proven to be an effective approach to the intermittent power generation such as offshore wind power and photovoltaic power generation. In this paper, a flat-tube SOC stack was tested to analyze the reversible performance for SOC stack fueled with seawater/H₂ under different operating conditions (i.e., water vapor content and current density). The results show that the degradation rate in electrolysis mode is minimal at a current density of 100 mA·cm^-2, a humidified temperature of 90 ℃ (volume fraction of water vapor is 65%) and 750 ℃. The minimum voltage degradation rate in fuel cell mode is attained at a current density of 100 mA/cm², a humidified temperature of 86 ℃ (volume fraction of water vapor is 56%) and 750 ℃. The efficiency of the stack in reversible mode is 95.2% at 100 mA·cm^-2. It is indicated that this study could provide a reference for the application of reversible SOC stacks in seawater environment.

Alkali-activated materials (ACMs) and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are two important alternative binders to reduce cement consumption. The dissolution reactivity of the precursors of ACMs and SCMs, such as fly ash, is an important property to further understand the performance of both materials. This review represented the existing knowledge of the aluminosilicate dissolution theory in geology, mineralogy and zeolite material. The reaction order and activation energy are two important parameters used to characterize the reactivity of a material. In addition, the influences of temperature, alkali concentration and milling on the dissolution kinetics of fly ash and metakaolin were also reviewed.

In recent years, energy crisis and environmental pollution problem have accelerated the rapid development of energy storage field. One-dimensional nanomaterials, especially nanowire materials possess unique electron and ion transport properties due to their high length-diameter ratio, which are promising in the application of energy storage devices. In this review, the research progress of nanowire materials based on the research achievements of our group and the cutting-edge research progress in China and abroad will be summarized from three aspects, including the structural design and synthesis of nanowire materials, the application of nanowire materials in batteries and nanowire micro- and nano-devices. Finally, an outlook on the future exploration and development of electrochemical energy storage materials and devices based on nanowires will be offered as a conclusion.

The application and performance of low-grade limonite tailings (LT) from Yeshan Iron Mine (Tongling, China) were investigated for the formaldehyde purification at ambient temperature. According to the composition analysis of the tailings, the presence of minerals like nanoneedle hematite and quartz with a great specific surface area is suitable as a catalyst carrier. In this paper, birnessite (Bir) was loaded onto the surface of LT particles via chemical reduction to prepare a catalyst for formaldehyde removal with different manganese loads (x-Bir/LT). The results show that the catalyst has a good formaldehyde degradation ability. The removal efficiency of 27.3-Bir/LT is still 97.2% after 600 min at an initial formaldehyde concentration of 1.2 mg/m³ and a gas hourly space velocity of 41.6 m³/s, thus having a long-term stability and a water resistance. According to the analysis by in-situ infrared spectroscopy, formaldehyde reacts on the catalyst surface via being adsorbed by surface hydroxyl groups and then oxidized to H⁺ and HCOO^-, which further decomposes into CO₂ and H₂O through hydroxyl and surface reactive oxygen species oxidation. Also, LT provides a large number of L-acid sites for the catalyst, improving the catalytic oxidation performance of the composite catalyst. Using limonite tailings as a catalyst carrier can enhance the catalytic oxidation performance of the composite catalyst. This work provides a technical reference for its application in indoor formaldehyde pollution control.

Disadvantages such as side reactions and dendrite growth in zinc electrodes restrict the application of zinc electrodes in energy storage. A high electrochemical performance zinc-attapulgite (i.e., Zn-ATP) composite electrode was prepared via a strategy of coating attapulgite on the surface of zinc electrode. The results show that the porous functional coating is formed by the stacking of ATP rod crystals, and it has high mechanical strength properties. The assembled Zn/Zn-ATP symmetrical battery and Zn-ATP/manganese dioxide full cell both have high performances of charge and discharge cycling. The hydrogen evolution side reaction of the electrode is significantly suppressed under the work of ATP coating. Meanwhile, the formed Zn plate crystals flatly precipitate on the electrode surface, thus effectively reducing a possibility of the dendrites penetrating the battery membrane.

It is important to enhance their performance of supercooling and low thermal conductivity in hydrate salt phase change materials. A hydrophilic silicon carbide (nano-SiC) was prepared via treating SiC nanoparticles in HF/HNO₃ with Na₂SO₄·10H₂O-Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O eutectic hydrated salt as basic materials, and the phase change nanofluids materials (nano-SiC EHS PCMs) with Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O and nano-SiC were composited. The results show that the modified nano-SiC can be dispersed in EHS PCMs. The synergistic effect of Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O and nano-SiC can reduce the supercooling degree to 0.3 ℃ without the phase separation. The thermal conductivity of nano-SiC EHS PCMs enhances both in solid and liquid. The energy storage time of EHS PCMS with 0.2% (in mass) nano-SiC is decreased by 21.8%. The enthalpy of melting and crystallization of EHS PCMs with 0.15% nano-SiC is 267.3 J/g and 231.4 J/g, respectively. The enthalpy of nano-SiC EHS PCMs is stable after 1 000 heating and cooling cycles, indicating that nano-SiC EHS PCMs have a great thermal cyclic stability.

As an advanced electrochemical energy conversion device, solid oxide electrolytic cell (SOEC) can achieve the hydrogen/hydrocarbon fuel gas precipitation at the electrode side through reversible electrochemical process of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). SOEC is regarded as one of the most promising systems in promoting large-scale hydrogen production and energy structure optimization as well as realizing our "double carbon" goal due to its simplicity, fuel flexibility, low energy consumption and high system efficiencies (85%-95%). This review represented the research status on the material selection and service performance for the key components (i.e., fuel electrode, solid electrolyte and oxygen electrode) of SOEC. Moreover, the performance parameters (i.e., current density, voltage decay rate, impedance, conductivity and hydrogen production rate) were summarized. In addition, the application potential of SOEC technology in the future hydrogen production from electrolytic seawater as well as the future development of key component materials such as composite electrode were also proposed.