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To investigate the distribution of clinical characteristics and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome patterns in patients with diabetes mellitus complicated with osteoporosis (DM-OP), and to explore the associations between TCM syndromes and laboratory indicators, so as to elucidate the intrinsic patterns of the "disease-syndrome-symptom-laboratory indicator" relationship.
Retrospectively collected medical records of patients with diabetes complicated by osteoporosis who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology at Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2024. The distribution of TCM syndrome patterns was analyzed, and the associations between different syndromes and general characteristics, comorbidities, symptom profiles, tongue and pulse features, bone mineral density, and laboratory indicators were explored.
Among patients with DM-OP, spleen-kidney deficiency syndrome was the most common pattern, followed by liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome, damp-heat accumulation syndrome, and spleen-stomach qi deficiency syndrome. Significant differences were observed among different TCM syndromes in terms of age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, comorbidities, certain symptoms and tongue-pulse features, femoral neck bone mineral density, and selected laboratory indicators. Patients with spleen-stomach qi deficiency syndrome were relatively younger and had higher BMI, whereas those with liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome and spleen-kidney deficiency syndrome were older, had lower femoral neck bone mineral density, and showed higher incidences of fractures and chronic kidney disease.
The distribution of TCM syndromes in DM-OP reflects a progressive pathomechanism involving the spleen and kidney. Different TCM syndromes exhibit distinct characteristics in clinical manifestations, comorbidities, bone mineral density, and laboratory indicators.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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