To investigate the effects of Kongsheng Zhenzhong Pill Modified Formula on cognitive function, inflammatory factor and Chinese medicine syndrome score in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) with kidney deficiency, phlegm and stasis type.

A retrospective selection was made of 210 inpatients with CSVD (kidney deficiency and phlegm-stasis type) from the Department of Neurology of Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to January 2025, among which 104 patients receiving conventional treatment were included in the basic group and 106 patients who received the modified formula of Kongsheng Zhenzhong Pill Modified Formula on the basis of conventional treatment were included in the study group, and the efficacy of the 2 groups, cognitive function [Montreal Scale (MoCA) and the Simple Mental State Evaluation (MMSE) scale], inflammatory factors (Hypercalcitrance and inflammation factor), and inflammatory factors (Hypercalcitrance and inflammation factor) were compared with those in the other group, inflammatory factors [Hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-6] and TCM evidence score.

Among the 210 patients with CSVD (kidney deficiency and phlegm-stasis type) in this study, 106 cases were included in the study group and 104 cases in the control group. The total effective rate of the study group was higher than that of the basic group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Comparison of various scores of cognitive function before treatment between the two groups showed no significant difference (P >0.05), and the MoCA score and MMSE score of patients in the study group were higher than those in the basic group after treatment (P < 0.05). Comparison of inflammatory factors before treatment between the two groups, there was no significant difference (P >0.05), and the levels of hs-CRP, IL-1β and IL-6 were lower than those of the basic group after treatment in the study group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups when comparing the points of Chinese medicine symptoms before treatment (P > 0.05), and the points of symptoms such as diminished intelligence, phlegm, nausea and epigastric distension, and sticky stools were lower than those of the basic group after the treatment in the research group (P < 0.05).

The application of Kongsheng Zhenzhong Pill Modified Formula for CSVD (kidney deficiency, phlegm and stasis type) patients can achieve significant therapeutic effects, improve cognitive function and Chinese medicine symptoms, and reduce the level of inflammatory factors in the patients. The therapeutic effect is superior to that of conventional treatment alone.