To evaluate the synergistic effects of organosilicon adjuvants on insecticides and improve the field control efficacy against the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii, the interfacial properties of Silwet819, Silwet806, Silwet820 and Silwet710 were determined. Their toxicities to cotton aphids and their synergistic ratios with sulfoxaflor and flonicamid were determined to identify the most effective adjuvants. Field trials were further conducted to evaluate their effects on reducing the application rate of flonicamid while maintaining efficacy. The results showed that among the four adjuvants, Silwet806 exhibited the strongest ability to reduce surface tension and increase maximum retention on leaf surfaces, while Silwet819 showed the greatest reduction in contact angle of leaves. All four adjuvants displayed certain insecticidal activity against cotton aphids and exhibited synergistic effects with both sulfoxaflor and flonicamid, with synergistic effects positively correlated with adjuvant concentration. At 0.05%, the synergistic ratios of Silwet819 and Silwet806 with sulfoxaflor were 5.12 and 6.71, respectively, and their synergistic ratios with flonicamid reached 12.80 and 6.40, respectively. Silwet806 and Silwet819 were identified as the most effective adjuvants, significantly enhancing the rapid efficacy of flonicamid against cotton aphids. When the application rate of flonicamid was reduced by 20% or 50%, the addition of 0.02% Silwet806 or Silwet819 achieved control efficacy comparable to the conventional dosage, while 0.05% addition resulted in higher control efficacy than the conventional treatment. These results indicate that Silwet806 and Silwet819 are optimal synergists for sulfoxaflor and flonicamid by modifying the physicochemical properties of spray solutions and reducing pesticide loss. In field control of cotton aphids, the addition of 0.02%-0.05% Silwet806 or Silwet819 can reduce flonicamid usage by 20%-50%.

To identify an environmentally friendly and efficient method for controlling Chinese bean weeril Callosobruchus chinensis, a sealed fumigation method was used to evaluate the fumigation effects of four plant volatiles (trans-anethole, citral, 4-allylanisole, and eugenol) on adult C. chinensis. The plant volatile with the best fumigation effect was selected and combined with diatomaceous earth to determine its laboratory toxicity, control efficacy, and effects on multiple enzyme activities in C. chinensis. The results showed that among the four plant volatiles, trans-anethole exhibited the strongest fumigation effect. At a concentration of 5 μL/L, trans-anethole achieved a corrected mortality rate of 100.00% against for adult C. chinensis after 48 hours of treatment. The combination of trans-anethole and diatomaceous earth demonstrated a significant synergistic effect, with an LC₅₀ of 3.040 μL/L against adult C. chinensis, compared to 6.979 μL/L for trans-anethole alone. Diatomaceous earth alone had no effect on the activities of catalase, acetylcholinesterase, succinate dehydrogenase, peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase in C. chinensis. These findings indicate that the combination of trans-anethole and diatomaceous earth can be used for the green control of C. chinensis.

To systematically investigate the differences in predation capacity and control efficiency of predatory ladybirds against aphids under different conditions, laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate predation at different aphid densities, environmental temperatures, and predator density gradients. The data were fitted with Holling’s disc equation and models of interference and competition. The results showed that the functional responses of Harmonia axyridis to Aphis gossypii, Aphis glycines, Aphis sophoricola, and Chaitophorus populeti all conformed to Holling type II functional response. Among the tested aphid species, H. axyridis exhibited the strongest predation capacity and control efficiency against C. populeti, with a theoretical maximum daily predation of 500.00 individuals, whereas its control efficiency against A. sophoricola was the weakest, with a theoretical maximum daily predation of only 90.91 individuals. The predation capacity of H. axyridis against A. glycines increased with temperature within the range of 21-33 ℃ and reached a maximum at 33 ℃, after which it declined at higher temperatures. Moreover, the fourth-instar larvae of H. axyridis exhibited higher control efficiency against A. glycines than adult females. Increasing predator density intensified intraspecific competition in H. axyridis populations; although total predation increased, the mean predation per individual decreased significantly with increasing predator density, indicating that predation efficiency was constrained by density-dependent interference. Compared with H. axyridis, Adonia variegata showed stronger predation capacity against A. sophoricola. With increasing aphid density, the searching efficiency of both species declined. These results indicate that predatory ladybirds have strong predation potential against aphids, and their functional responses and predation efficiencies are influenced by aphid species, temperature, and the intensity of intraspecific competition, with notable differences among ladybird species.

To clarify the migration pathways of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda in eastern China and the mechanisms by which Typhoon Hagupit influenced its migration patterns, the developmental stages of the typhoon were categorized based on the position of its center into the pre-typhoon stage and the typhoon stage. The latter included four periods: pre-landfall, landfall, post-departure with the center located west of 135° E, and post-departure with the center located east of 135° E. Based on adult population monitoring data of S. frugiperda and meteorological data in eastern China before and after the typhoon, Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale numerical simulations, Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) backward trajectory analysis, and statistical analyses were conducted to elucidate the mechanisms by which the typhoon affected the migratory pathways of S. frugiperda. The results showed that Typhoon Hagupit significantly influenced the hourly migration distance and direction of S. frugiperda. Compared to the pre-typhoon period, the strong southerly winds generated by the typhoon drove the moths to form a south-to-north migratory pathway across eastern China, increased migration speed, and shifted the migration direction from west-northwest to north. When the typhoon center was located over inland East China, the overall migration speed of S. frugiperda reached its maximum, with a peak of 22.93 m/s, and the highest directional concentration of 0.84 was observed. These results indicate that typhoons can promote long-distance migration of S. frugiperda in eastern China. Therefore, population monitoring and early warning during typhoon events should be strengthened, and a regional integrated pest management system should be established.

To clarify the community structure characteristics and spatial ecological niche of grasshoppers in three different grassland types in Zhaosu County in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, grasshopper surveys were conducted in temperate grassland, temperate meadow steppe, and alpine meadow steppe using the sweep-net method. Relative abundance, diversity indices, niche indices, community similarity, and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) were used for systematic assessment. The results showed that a total of 20 434 grasshopper individuals were collected, belonging to 24 species, 14 genera, and five families. The dominant species in Zhaosu County were Calliptamus italicus and Omocestus haemorrhoidalis. Specifically, C. italicus was dominant in temperate grassland; C. italicus, Stauroderus scalaris and O. haemorrhoidalis were dominant in temperate meadow steppe; and O. peliopteroides, O. haemorrhoidalis, and Gomphocerus sibiricus were dominant in alpine meadow steppe. Significant differences were observed in the richness, diversity, and evenness indices of grasshopper communities, while no significant difference was found in the dominance index. The richness and diversity indices in alpine meadow steppe were significantly lower than those in the other two grasslands types, whereas the evenness index in the temperate grassland was significantly lower than that in the other two types. Niche analysis indicated that O. ventralis had the widest niche breadth (0.95), while eight species including Omocestus petraeus and Dociostaurus brevicollis, had the lowest niche breadth (0.33). A total of 28 species pairs showed niche overlap values of ≥0.99. Community similarity analysis revealed high similarity between temperate grassland and temperate meadow steppe (similarity coefficient=0.81) and very low similarity with alpine meadow steppe (similarity coefficient=0.22). NMDS analysis demonstrated that grassland type explained 63.6% of the variation in grasshopper community composition. These results indicate significant differences in grasshopper community characteristics among grassland types in Zhaosu County, suggesting that grassland type is the primary factor influencing grasshopper community structure.

To clarify the potential suitable habitats of Moroccan locust Dociostaurus maroccanus, which was first recorded in June 2025 in Huocheng County, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (hereafter Xinjiang), global occurrence data and environmental variables were used to predict its potential distribution in Xinjiang using the MaxEnt model under current climatic conditions and three future climate scenarios, namely SSP126 (low forcing), SSP245 (moderate forcing), and SSP585 (high forcing). The results showed that annual mean temperature, isothermality, minimum temperature of coldest month, mean temperature the driest quarter, mean temperature of the coldest quarter, precipitation of the warmest quarter, land cover classification system, and elevation were the key environmental variables affecting the distribution of D. maroccanus. Under current climatic conditions, potential suitable habitats of D. maroccanus were distributed throughout Xinjiang, with a total area of 80.98×10⁴ km², accounting for 48.78% of the total area of Xinjiang. High suitable areas were predominantly located in the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. By 2061—2080, the potential suitable habitats of D. maroccanus in Xinjiang are projected to expand outward overall, and the area of highly suitable habitats is expected to increase by 85.71%, 181.95%, and 224.44% under SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585 scenarios, respectively. These studies indicate that the risk of establishment of D. maroccanus in Xinjiang, China, is extremely high, and a scientific and efficient early warning, monitoring, and risk management system is urgently needed.