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OBJECTIVE To investigate accurate identification methods for the Yi medicine Cyathulae Capitatae Radix, and provide scientific basis for its accurate application. METHODS A camera imaging system was used to identify original plant differences based on plant taxonomy. A trait identification method was established through the comprehensive application of cameras,stereomicroscopes, and fluorescence microscopy imaging systems. Optical microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and polarizing microscopy imaging systems were used to identify the differences in microscopic identification ( cross section and powder ), and a thin layer identification method was established for the unique components of Cyathulae Capitatae Radix. RESULTS A key table for the origin and characteristics of the Cyathulae Capitatae Radix and its four adulterants is established, the main differences of the origin are the type and mode of inflorescence, the shape of stamens, the color of leaves, and the color and taste of the root epidermis. The differences in characters identification include color, lenticels, cross-section, texture, odor, and the location and intensity of fluorescence response under different colored light conditions. In microscopic identification, the transverse section of the root can be distinguished by the number of circles in the three vascular bundles, the number of strands in the central vascular bundle, and fluorescence reaction, but the difference in powder microscopic characteristics is not significant. The thin layer chromatography established with reference materials of saponin components such as cyaonoside A, cyaonoside B and chikusetsu saponin Ⅳa, in thin layer chromatography can effectively distinguish Cyathulae Capitatae Radix and its four adulterants, the thin layer chromatography established with the reference substance of sterol component amaranthone can effectively distinguish the other three adulterants except Cyathulae Radix. CONCLUSION Cyathulae Capitatae Radix and its four adulterants can be identified through their original plants, characteristics, microscopic cross-sections, and thin layer chromatography, and the five medicinal materials have significant differences in composition and should not be mixed.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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