Latest ArticlesTo visually analyze the research hotspots and trends of Sparganii Rhizoma in the past 10 years based on the knowledge mapping method to provide references for future research in this field.
The research on Sparganii Rhizoma from January 1st, 2012 to January 1st, 2022 were selected from CNKI, and the sample literature included in the study was analyzed using CiteSpace software, and the annual publication volume, author collaboration network,institutional collaboration network, keyword co-occurrences, keyword clustering, and keyword emergent mapping were drawn.
A total of 592 papers were included, and the annual publication volume was relatively stable. The team represented by SHI HY, HOU RJ and LIANG QL was formed, and there was less cooperation among institutions. The keywords with higher frequency include data mining, medication law, Sparganii Rhizoma, etc., forming 10 clusters. The research hotspots mainly focus on gynecological diseases and tumors, clinical research, mechanism of action, etc. The keyword emergence analysis obtained a total of 43 emergent words, with more research on data mining, clinical research, and treatment of tumors and gynecological diseases, and the laboratory research pays more attention to the extraction of the active ingredient and its active ingredients and the mechanism of action. Laboratory studies paid more attention to the extraction of active ingredients and their active components.
In recent years, the research hotspots of Sparganii Rhizoma mainly focuses on the clinical medication for gynecological and oncological diseases, and gradually extends to the treatment of refractory diseases such as organ fibrosis. In the future, the research direction of Sparganii Rhizoma will tend to be more towards the research of the target mechanism and the summary of the law of medication.
Antibody-drug conjugate （ADC）, a new type of targeted drugs for breast cancer, is formed by connecting a chemotherapeutic drug with a monoclonal antibody using a linker. The monoclonal antibody is used as a carrier to transport the chemotherapeutic drug to the specific tumor cells, thereby exerting anti-tumor effects. ADCs are classified into human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 （HER2）, human trophoblast surface antigen 2 （Trop-2）, and other molecules according to antigens that act on the different target. At present, there are three ADCs approved worldwide for the treatment of breast cancer. In addition to trastuzumab emtansine （T-DM1） and trastuzumab deruxtecan （T-DXd） for HER2-positive breast cancer, sacituzumab govitecan （SG） is beneficial for triple-negative breast cancer （TNBC）. ADCs are effective in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer, and also have made important progress in the treatment of advanced TNBC and some HER2 low-expressing breast cancer. These ADCs provide more options for patients with different molecular types of breast cancer.
Carvedilol, a β-blocker with the function of blocking α1 and β adrenoceptors, has been widely used in existing clinical practice for cardio vascular diseases, such as hypertension, chronic heart failure and arrhythmia. In recent years, some clinical researches showed that carvedilol might have some potentially novelty prospect on prevention of atherosclerosis, protection of cardiac function of patients with different complications, improvement of diabetic patients’ ability to regulate blood sugar, and treatment of breast cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, with the further study of G protein coupled receptor （GPCR）, the special mechanism of β-arrestin-biased GPCR signal transduction had been found in carvedilol, Which could contribute to its highly selective action on target cells and could reduce the incidence of adverse drug reactions.
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 （SGLT-2） inhibitors comprise a new class of oral hypoglycemic agents that promote the excretion of urine sugar and reduce blood sugar mainly by inhibiting the reabsorption of glucose in proximal renal tubules. Numerous clinical studies have found that SGLT-2 inhibitors have good effects on cardiovascular system. At the same time, many basic studies have found that a variety of SGLT-2 inhibitors exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in both cellular and animal models, and the cardiovascular protective mechanism may be closely related to inhibiting inflammatory response. For example, canagliflozin inhibits inflammatory response by enhancing anti-inflammatory signaling pathways such as AMP activated protein kinase （AMPK） and endothelial nitric oxide synthase （eNOS）. Dapagliflozin significantly reduces the expression of inflammatory factors such as interleukin （IL）-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α, and promotes the polarization of macrophages towards anti-inflammatory phenotype. Empagliflozin reduces cardiac inflammation in diabetes cardiomyopathy, hypertension, and heart failure models.
Pemafibrate, a new type of fibrates developed in Japan, was approved for marketing in Japan in June 2018. Compared with traditional fibrates, pemafibrate can combine peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α （PPARα） purposefully, and then regulate lipid metabolism effectively. Studies have shown that pemafibrate can not only improve blood lipid levels, but also regulate blood glucose, maintain liver metabolism, inhibit inflammation and thrombosis, and may have certain application value in people with diabetes, liver diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. The common adverse reactions are allergy, nasopharyngitis, creatine kinase elevation, blood uric acid elevation and so on.
To know the current status of clinical trial institutions on psychiatric specialty in China since the drug clinical trial institution registration came into force.
By searching for the psychiatric professional institutions and investigators registrated in the drug clinical trial institution filing management information platform and clinical trial data of psychiatric drugs published on the official website of the National Medical Products Administration, the regional distribution of psychiatric drug clinical trial institutions, principal investigators, and the number and types of clinical trials were statistically analyzed.
After the implementation of the filing system, as of March 10, 2023, there were a total of 104 psychiatric professional filing institutions in China, distributed in 26 provincial-level administrative regions across the country, with a total of 927 registered researchers. Except for one psychiatric hospital, which was a second level hospital, all other hospitals were third level hospitals. A total of 91 institutions had undertaken 122 clinical trials, and among the top ten institutions in terms of project quantity, there were 9 psychiatric hospitals.
The psychiatric departments of the tertiary comprehensive hospitals are the main force for clinical trial institutions registration, but in terms of undertaking clinical trials, specialized psychiatric hospitals have the main advantage, and there are problems such as uneven distribution of registered institutions regions, registered investigators, and the number of clinical trials undertaken.
To investigate the efficacy and safety of amisulpride combined with aripiprazole in schizophrenic patients with poor efficacy of amisulpride and concomitant hyperprolactinemia in acute phase.
A total of 72 patients who had poor efficacy and increased prolactin levels after a 8-week treatment of amisulpride were randomly divided into control group and study group, with 36 patients in each group. The patients in the control group continued to be treated with amisulpride （400 - 1 200 mg·d-1）, while the patients in the study group received aripiprazole （the initial dose was 5 mg·d-1, which could be increased to 10-30 mg·d-1） on the basis of amsulpride, for an additional 8 weeks of treatment. The scores of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS） and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale （TESS） and the levels of serum prolactin were compared between the two groups at the time of enrollment and different time points of treatment.
Two cases were dropped out in each group and 34 cases were completed in each group. The effective rate of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group at the 2nd, 4th, and 8th weekend of treatment （P<0.05）. At the end of 4 and 8 weeks, the total PANSS score in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group （P<0.01）, and significantly decreased compared with that at the time of enrollment （P<0.01）. At the end of treatment, the reduction of PANSS total score, positive score, and psychopathology score of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group （P<0.01）. The prolactin levels in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group at the 4th and 8th weekend of treatment （P<0.01）, and was also significantly lower than that at the time of enrollment （P<0.01）. The increase of serum prolactin in female patients in the study group was more significant than that in male patients （P<0.01） after 8 weeks of treatment with amisulpride, and the decrease of serum prolactin in female patients was also more significant than that in male patients （P<0.01） after treatment combined with aripiprazole. There were no significant difference in TESS score and incidence rate of adverse reactions between the two groups （P>0.05）.
After combined with aripiprazole in schizophrenic patients with poor efficacy of amisulpride and elevated serum prolactin, the therapeutic effect can be increased, the serum prolactin level can be reduced, and the benefits are more obvious in female patients, with no significant increase in adverse reactions.
To study the effect of a single dose of dexamethasone on reversal of rocuronium deep neuromuscular blockade （NMB） by sugammadex.
A total of 80 patients undergoing laparoscopic colon surgeries under general anesthesia were selected, with ASA Ⅰ- Ⅱ, and not taking steroid drug medication. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups with 40 cases in each group. Before anesthesia induction, the trial group was given dexamethasone 0.15 mg·kg-1, and the control group was given the same amount of chloride sodium injection. The induction and maintenance programs of anesthesia were the same in both groups. Rocuronium was administered intravenously for 5 - 10 µg·kg-1·min-1 to maintain deep muscle relaxation, and the post-tetanic count （PTC） was maintained at 0 - 2. After operation, all patients were immediately intravenously injected with sugammadex at a dose of 2 mg·kg-1 when PTC was 1 - 2. The time for train of four-ratios （TOFR） to reach 0.9, extubation time and occurrence of adverse reactions were recorded.
The time of TOFR recovery to 0.9, extubation time and post-anesthesia care unit （PACU） residence time were （6.0±0.7）,（7.5±0.5） and （36.8±5.8） min in the control group, and （6.0±0.6）, （7.7±0.5） and （39.7±6.2） min in the trial group, respectively，with no significant differences between the two groups （P>0.05）. There were no differences in mean arterial pressure and heart rate between the two groups before surgery, at the time of sugammadex administration, and 5 and 10 min after administration （P>0.05）. No adverse reactions occurred in the both groups.
Dexamethasone 0.15 mg·kg-1 has no significant effect on the reversal of deep NMB by sugammadex.
To study the effect of butylphthalide on oxidative stress indicators and its signaling pathway related factors in patients with acute cerebral infarction.
A total of 100 patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted to the hospital from August 2020 to April 2021 were divided into control group and study group by stratified blocked randomization method, with 50 patients in each group. The control group underwent conventional treatment, and the study group was treated with butylphthalide injection （100 mL, iv gtt, bid） for 14 d on the basis of conventional treatment. The two groups were compared in terms of neurological impairment score, oxidative stress indicators, related signaling pathway factors, nerve injury markers, C-reactive protein （CRP） and low-density lipoprotein （LDL） levels, as well as clinical efficacy and safety before and after treatment.
There were 3 cases in the control group and 2 cases in the study group dropped out during treatment. Finally, 47 cases in the control group and 48 cases in the study group were included respectively. After treatment, the level of malondialdehyde in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group, while superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly higher than those in the control group （P<0.05）; the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1） mRNA in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group, while nuclear factor E2 related factor （Nrf2） and antioxidant response element （ARE）mRNA were significantly lower than those in the control group （P<0.05）. The levels of CRP and LDL in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group （P<0.05）. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and the levels of myelin basic protein, neuron-specific enolase, and S100 calcium binding protein B in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group （P<0.05）. The total effective rate of treatment in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group （96% vs. 81%, P<0.05）, with no statistically significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups （6% vs. 8%, P>0.05）.
Butylphthalide is effective in the treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction, which may inhibit oxidative stress and relieve neurological damage through affecting the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, and also has the advantage of regulating lipid metabolism abnormalities and reducing inflammation in the body.
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