To systematically evaluate the association between maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and offspring social behavior, so as to provide a theoretical basis for further research on intergenerational social behavioral development.

Relevant research literature about maternal ACEs and the development of children's maladaptive social behaviors were collected, from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase and SpringLink databases, covering the period from the inception of each database to May 2025. The Chinese database matched and searched through three groups of keywords: "Pregnant women" "Mothers" and "Women"; "Bad childhood experience" "Bad early experience" and "Bad adolescent experience"; "Children" "Teenagers" "Children's behavior" "Children's development" "Teenagers' behavior" "Internalized behavior" and "Externalized behavior". The English database was searched by three groups of keywords: "Female" "Pregnant women" "Mothers"; "Adverse childhood experiences" "Adverse early childhood experiences" "Adverse experiences of adolescent"; "Child behavior" "Child development" "Adolescent behavior" "Internalized behaviors" "Externalized behaviors". The selected literature was evaluated for quality and data extraction, with OR and 95%CI as effect indicators. Stata 16.0 software was used for heterogeneity testing, subgroup analysis, and publication bias analysis.

A total of 14 studies involving 64 302 mother-child pairs were included. The Meta-analysis results showed a significant correlation between maternal ACEs and both offspring maladaptive internalized behaviors (OR=1.75, 95%CI=1.42-2.15, P < 0.01) and externalized behaviors (OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.51-2.20, P < 0.01). The results of subgroup analyses showed that in different regions[internalized behaviors: domestic, foreign OR(95%CI)=2.03(1.49-2.76), 1.55(1.19-2.03); externalized behaviors: domestic, foreign OR(95%CI)=2.41(1.52-3.82), 1.65(1.36-2.01)], study type[internalized behaviors: cohort study, cross-sectional study OR(95%CI)=1.64(1.34-2.00), 1.85(1.30-2.65); externalized behaviors: cohort study, cross-sectional study OR(95%CI)=1.76(1.46-2.12), 2.12(1.40-3.20)], sample size [internalized behaviors: ≥4 000, < 4 000 pairs OR(95%CI)=1.69(1.13-2.55), 1.77(1.41-2.24); externalized behaviors: ≥3 000, < 3 000 pairs OR(95%CI)=1.72(1.37-2.17), 2.13(1.44-3.15)], there were significant and positive association between mothers' ACEs and children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors (all P < 0.05).

A substantial positive association exists between maternal ACEs and the development of offspring maladaptive internalized and externalized behaviors, but the result needs to be continued to be validated by more research.

To examine the association between the left-behind status and health risk behaviors (HRB) among adolescents, so as to provide empirical evidence for identifying high-risk groups and developing intervention measures for HRB.

From October to November 2023, by using a combination of convenient sampling and cluster sampling, 14 964 adolescents from 6 schools in a county-level city in Hubei Province (3 junior high schools and 3 senior high schools) and 7 schools in a county-level city in Hunan Province (all junior high schools) were selected as the research subjects. The adolescents were divided into non-left-behind, father-absent, mother-absent, and both parents absent groups based on their left-behind status. A self-designed adolescent HRB questionnaire was utilized to investigate the prevalence of 12 types of HRBs and their co-existence among the subjects. Multifactorial Logistic regression and unordered multinomial Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between the left-behind status of adolescents and the occurrence of individual HRBs as well as the co-existence of multiple HRBs.

After controlling for gender, age, only child, and subjective socioeconomic status, the results of the multiple factor Logistic regression analysis showed that having father in absence for working was positively associated with screen use long time on school days (OR=1.15, 95%CI=1.05-1.26) and rest days (OR=1.16, 95%CI=1.06-1.26); having mother in absence for working was significantly associated with increased risks of smoking (OR=1.68, 95%CI=1.22-2.32), spending long time on screen during school days (OR=1.19, 95%CI=1.00-1.41)and rest days (OR=1.36, 95%CI=1.16-1.59), skipping breakfast (OR=1.20, 95%CI=1.03-1.39), skipping dinner (OR=1.20, 95%CI=1.01-1.43), not eating fruit (OR=1.34, 95%CI=1.12-1.61), and consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (OR=1.30, 95%CI=1.09-1.55); having both parents in absence for working was positively associated with screen use on rest days (OR=1.51, 95%CI=1.38-1.65), skipping dinner (OR=1.15, 95%CI=1.04-1.27), not eating fruit (OR=1.80, 95%CI=1.62-1.99), and non-suicidal self-injury (OR=1.16, 95%CI=1.04-1.29), and negatively associated with fast food consumption (OR=0.72, 95%CI=0.65-0.79)(all P < 0.05).The results of unordered multiclass Logistic regression analysis showed that mother absence for working was associated with an increased risk of moderate and high co-occurrence of HRBs (OR=1.25, 95%CI=1.06-1.47; OR=1.67, 95%CI=1.30-2.13), both parents absence for working was also positively correlated with a high co-occurrence risk of HRBs (OR=1.29, 95%CI=1.11-1.50) (all P < 0.05).

Father absence for working is only related to adolescents' screen time, while adolescents with mother absence or both parents absent for working are priority groups for HRB prevention.

To explore the correlation between blind box consumption and non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI) among middle school students, so as to provide new theoretical insights for the prevention of NSSI.

Using stratified random cluster sampling method, 2 807 middle school students aged 11-19 years old were selected from Hunan and Gansu provinces from November 2024 to March 2025. The blind box consumption questionnaire and Functional Assessment of Self-mutilation Scale were administered to collect data on students' blind box consumption frequency, as well as NSSI behavior. The χ² test was used to compare differences in the distribution of NSSI across different groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to infer the correlation and gender differences.

A total of 15.3% of middle school students reported having at least one NSSI incident in the past year, among which the reported rates of occasional NSSI (1-4 times) and repeated NSSI (≥5 times) were 5.5% and 9.8% respectively. The results of univariate analysis showed that there was statistically significant different in NSSI distribution among groups with different blind box consumption frequencies (χ²=55.72, P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors such as age, gender, school stage, family type, discipline style, pocket money, impulsiveness and emotion management, the results of multiple Logistic regression models showed that compared with the group without blind box consumption, the risks of "occasional NSSI" and "repeated NSSI" were higher in the group with blind box consumption (OR=1.54, 1.66), and the frequency of blind box consumption(continous variable) was positively correlated with the risks of "occasional NSSI" and "repeated NSSI" among middle school students (OR=1.26, 1.34)(all P < 0.05).After gender stratification, the consumption behavior of blind boxes and the frequency of blind box consumption (continuous variable) of boys and girls were associated with "repeated NSSI"(boys: OR=1.61, 1.32, girls: OR=1.65, 1.35), and only in the male group was a correlation between blind box consumption and "occasional NSSI" observed (OR=2.27) (all P < 0.05).

Blind box consumption may be related to NSSI among middle school students, and there are gender differences in its correlation with NSSI among middle school students.

To explore the association between mental health status and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among sexual minority college students, so as to provide a scientific basis for mental health education and health promotion in universities.

From January to February 2024, convenience and cluster sampling methods were used to select 1 792 college students from 11 colleges in Guangxi. A self-reporting method was applied to identify 476 sexual minority individuals. The Symptom Check-List 90 (SCL-90) and the Simplified Chinese Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (SC-ACE-IQ) were employed to assess mental health and ACEs. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations.

The detection rates of all psychological issues among sexual minority college students in Guangxi were significantly higher than those of non-sexual minority college students (χ²=56.01-91.39, all P < 0.01). Except for physical neglect, bullying, and community violence, sexual minority students exhibited higher reporting rates of other ACEs types compared to non-sexual minority students (χ²=4.52-13.34, all P < 0.05). The total ACEs score for college students was 1.00 (1.00, 2.00), while the SCL-90 total score was 96.00 (113.00, 160.00). Spearman correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between ACEs total scores and SCL-90 total scores (r=0.29, P < 0.05). Additionally, all ACEs subscales, including emotional neglect, physical neglect, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, parental loss, domestic violence, and community violence were positively correlated with corresponding SCL-90 subscale scores (r=0.05-0.22, all P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that family violence increased the risk of mental health issues for sexual minority students (OR=1.61, 95%CI=1.26-2.09); emotional neglect (OR=1.05, 95%CI=1.00-1.10), physical neglect (OR=1.20, 95%CI=1.06-1.35), sexual abuse (OR=1.49, 95%CI=1.15-1.93) increased mental health risks for non-sexual minority students (all P < 0.05). The cumulative effects of ACEs were all statistically significant in the total sample and both subgroups (all P < 0.05).

Mental health status among sexual minority college students in Guangxi is associated with ACEs, and their well-being requires active attention

To investigate the impact of milk and egg supplementation on body composition and bone mineral density of rural primary school students in Yunnan Province, so as to provide a reference for developing targeted nutritional intervention strategies.

In December 2023, a cluster sampling method was adopted to select students from grades one to three in four primary schools each from Jinggu and Shidian countys of Yunnan Province, as the intervention group (662 students). Additionally, two boarding primary schools were selected from each county based on the principle of matching scale and student numbers as the control group (455 students). Starting from April 2023, the intervention group received 200 mL milk and 50 g eggs during the break on school days for 8 months, while the control group maintained their usual diet behavior. Body composition was measured by using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and distal radial bone mineral density was assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in April and December 2023. The intervention effects were analyzed by using a difference-in-differences approach.

The final measurements of body fat percentage, skeletal muscle mass and fat-free mass of the intervention group and the control group of primary school students were significantly higher than the baseline values, and the net effect of milk and egg intervention on these body composition indicators was not statistically significant (P>0.05, both before and after adjustment). In contrast, bone mineral density increased significantly by 0.02 g/cm² in the intervention group. The net intervention effect on bone mineral density was statistically significant (β=0.02, 95%CI=0.00-0.04), and remained significant after model adjustment (β=0.02, 95%CI=0.00-0.04) (both P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed statistically significant effects of the intervention among girls (β=0.02, 95%CI=0.00-0.04), day students (β=0.04, 95%CI=0.01-0.07), and students with normal nutritional status (β=0.02, 95%CI=0.00-0.04) (all P < 0.05). No significant effect of milk and egg supplementation was observed on body composition indicators (all P < 0.05).

Milk and egg supplementation can improve bone mineral density among rural primary school students in Yunnan Province. It is recommended that rural school-aged children should increase intake of milk and eggs to support growth and development.

To evaluate the structural communication advantages of peers with medical background in social networks and their intervention effects on college students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) levels in the prevention and control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), so as to provide theoretical support and practical pathways for structured health communication.

From April to June in 2025, 367 undergraduates were selected by stratified cluster random sampling in Nankai University. A multimodal strategy was employed to construct students' social networks. Fifty peer nodes were selected through a four-step screening process: betweenness centrality ≥0.3, eigenvector centrality ≥P₉₀, serving as student leader for at least one year, being mentioned ≥2 times in classroom interactions and information exchanges, with a total of five rounds, each lasting five days. Peer leaders daily pushed five Micromessage (knowledge points, interactive topics, or videos) through WeChat/QQ groups. KAP scale scores for AIDS prevention and treatment were measured before and after the intervention, and intervention effectiveness and predictive factors were analyzed using paired t-tests and Logistic regression analysis.

After the intervention, the total KAP score for AIDS prevention and treatment increased from (65.86±6.58) to (71.27±4.90) (t=-12.84, P < 0.01). The intermediary centrality (0.51±0.09) in the medical group was significantly higher than the non-medical group (0.34±0.12) (t=3.18, P < 0.01), with an average daily peak transmission rate of 8.71 people, and the network modularity increased from 0.39 to 0.47 (ΔQ=0.09, P < 0.01). The interaction between structural advantages and medical background significantly predicted KAP improvement (OR=4.21, 95%CI=1.89-9.38, P < 0.05).

Professional peers have significant structural communication advantages in HIV prevention and treatment interventions in colleges and universities. It is recommended to optimize sub-node screening strategies by combining network structure and professional background.

To analyze the association between altitudes and nutritional status of children and adolescents, and to explore the moderating effects of dietary behaviors and physical activity, so as to provide a scientific basis for developing lifestyle interventions tailored to local conditions.

From September to November 2023, physical examinations and questionnaire surveys were conducted among children and adolescents aged 7-17 in two autonomous regions, Inner Mongolia and Xizang, with a final sample of 156 511 participants by the stratified cluster random sampling method. Height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). Sociodemographic characteristics, dietary behaviors, and physical activity were collected via questionnaires, while the altitude of each participant's school was obtained using Amap. Logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between altitudes and nutritional status. Interaction terms and stratified analyses were applied to assess the moderating effects of dietary behaviors and physical activity. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used for visualization.

In 2023, the prevalence of wasting and overweight/obesity among children and adolescents in Xizang were 9.7% and 9.0%, respectively, compared to 2.9% and 22.0% in Inner Mongolia. Logistic regression analysis results showed that for every 1 km increase in altitude, the risk of wasting increased, while the risk of overweight/obesity decreased (OR=1.43, 0.19, both P < 0.05). The results of the stratified analysis showed that compared to those living at altitudes < 1 km, children and adolescents with healthy diets showed no significant association between altitudes (1- < 2 and 2- < 3 km) and wasting (OR=1.22, 0.75, both P>0.05), whereas significant associations were observed at 3- < 4 and ≥4 km altitudes (OR=2.25, 2.89, both P < 0.05). In contrast, unhealthy dietary groups showed statistically significant associations across altitudes (OR=1.18-4.04, all P < 0.05), consistent with RCS results. No moderating effects were observed for physical activity on the altitude-wasting association or for dietary behaviors and physical activity combined on the altitude-overweight/obesity association (P_interaction=0.63, 0.10, 0.53).

Healthy dietary behaviors play a critical role in improving the nutritional status of children and adolescents and reducing regional disparities, providing a scientific foundation for public health policy formulation and implementation.

To explore effects and maintenance of school-based sexual abuse prevention programs for minors, so as to provide scientific evidences for optimizing intervention design and policy-making.

Six Chinese and English databases were searched, including CNKI, Wanfang Database, Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science, with the time frame set from database inception to December 31, 2024. Studies on school-based sexual abuse prevention programs for minors were selected, and data on knowledge, attitudes and skills related to sexual abuse prevention were extracted. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.

A total of 26 studies were included. The Meta-analysis results showed that school-based sexual abuse prevention programs improved participants' knowledge (SMD=1.24, 95%CI=0.96-1.52), attitudes (SMD=0.62, 95%CI=0.19-1.04) and skills (SMD=0.66, 95%CI=0.50-0.83) (all P < 0.01). During the overall follow-up, the maintenance rates for knowledge, attitudes, and skills were 0.97(95%CI=0.95-1.00), 0.99(95%CI=0.95-1.04) and 1.01(95%CI=0.99-1.04), respectively, with no statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). However, knowledge retention declined significantly when follow-up exceeded three months (R=0.91, 95%CI=0.83-0.99, P < 0.01), while skills retention (R=0.94, 95%CI=0.87-1.02, P=0.23) remained higher than knowledge and attitudes (R=0.98, 95%CI=0.96-1.00, P=0.13), demonstrating stronger long-term effects.

School-based sexual abuse prevention programs are effective in enhancing participants' knowledge, attitudes and skills, but the intervention effects diminish over time, particularly in knowledge retention.

To explore the association between parent-child connectedness and romantic relationships of secondary vocational school students and the moderating effect of peers' romantic behavior, providing scientific basis for family and school health education.

From March to April 2021, 2 426 students from six secondary vocational and technical schools in Shanghai and Shaanxi Province were selected to conduct the survey by combining convenience sampling and cluster sampling.Electronic questionnaires were used to collect data on students' family characteristics, oneself and peer romantic behaviors, and parent-child bonding. The t-test was employed for inter-group comparisons, and binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between parent-child bonding levels, peer romantic behavior, and the romantic behavior of secondary vocational students.

The mother-child connection (2.63±0.77) was higher than that of father-child connection (2.48±0.78), with statistically significant difference (t=6.83, P < 0.01). Multivariable Logistic regression showed that overall father-child connectedness was negatively associated with students' romantic relationships(OR=0.86, 95%CI=0.76-0.97, P=0.02)and was only associated to girls' romantic relationships when stratified by gender(OR=0.79, 95%CI=0.66-0.93, P=0.01). Peers' romantic relationships were positively associated with students' romantic relationships (OR=3.19-5.12, all P < 0.01), and there was a moderating effect of the association between maternal connectedness and boys' romantic relationships (OR=1.67, 95%CI=1.05-2.66, P=0.03). Among boys without romantic peers, mother-child connectedness was negatively associated with their romantic relationships (OR=0.60, 95%CI=0.36-0.99, P < 0.05). In the total sample of Shanghai and girls of Shaanxi, father-child connectedness was negatively correlated with the romantic relationships of secondary vocational school students (OR=0.84, 0.65, 95%CI=0.71-1.00, 0.50-0.85, both P < 0.05). Peer romantic relationships exhibited a negative moderating effect on the influence of mother-child connectedness on the romantic relationships of males in Shanghai (OR=1.91, 95%CI=1.03-3.57, P < 0.05).

The father-daughter connectedness is negatively correlated with girls' romantic behavior, and peer romantic behavior weakens the correlation between mother-child connectedness and boys' romantic behavior. Efforts should be made to enhance the parent-child connectedness of secondary vocational students and their ability to cope with peer influence, providing proper guidance for adolescents' heterosexual interactions.

To explore the causal relationship between academic procrastination, negative emotions, self-control, and smartphone addiction among college students, so as to provide theoretical reference for promoting their mental health and academic achievement.

A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select 452 first-year students from a university in Guangzhou as the research subjects. Procrastination Assessment Scale- Student (PASS), The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), Self Control Scale, and Short Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV) were used as measurement tools. Three questionnaire surveys were completed in October 2024 (T1), February 2025 (T2), and May 2025 (T3). Coss-lagged models were utilized to analyze the causal relationship between academic procrastination, negative emotions, self-control, and smartphone addiction.

The SAS-SV scale for college students showed an average score of (40.52±1.96), with 43.1% of freshmen exhibiting smartphone addiction.Positive correlations were observed between academic procrastination, negative emotions, and smartphone addiction across different time points, while self-control exhibited negative correlations with these three variables (r=0.30-0.62, -0.72 to -0.34, all P < 0.05). Cross-lagged model results indicated that academic procrastination and negative emotions at T1 and T2 positively predicted smartphone addiction at T2 and T3 (T1→T2, β=0.22, 0.35; T2→T3, β=0.21, 0.24; all P < 0.05). Self-control negatively predicted smartphone addiction (T1→T2, β=-0.32; T2→T3, β=-0.26; both P < 0.05). In reverse-causality regression models, smartphone addiction at T1 and T2 positively predicted academic procrastination and negative emotions at T2 and T3 (T1→T2, β=0.09, 0.24; T2→T3, β=0.10, 0.35; all P < 0.05), but no statistically significant predictions were found for self-control (T1→T2, β=-0.04; T2→T3, β=-0.03; both P>0.05).

Academic procrastination and negative emotions exhibit bidirectional causality with smartphone addiction among college students, while self-control unidirectionally predicts smartphone addiction.