To determine the internal relationships pf perceived discrimination and rejection sensitivity with social adjustment among college students with left-behind experiences, so as to provide a reference for targeted prevention and intervention strategies for social adjustment issues in this population.

A cluster random sampling method was used to select 2 999 college students from 3 universities in Qiqihar and Daqing, Heilongjiang Province. In October, 2024 (T1) and April 2025 (T2), the Discrimination Perception Questionnaire of college students, Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire, and the Chinese College Student Adjustment Scale (CCSAS) were used to assess students' perceptions of discrimination, rejection sensitivity, and social adjustment levels. Independent sample t-test was used for group comparisons. Traditional cross-sectional comparisons and cross-sectional network analysis were performed using T1 data for the core sample of 1 080 students with left-behind experiences (T1). Longitudinal network analysis was performed using paired data from T1 and T2 (n=1 024) and a preliminary cross-lagged model was used to determine the relationships between variables. Sensitivity analysis was performed by including follow-up data from students without left-behind experiences to test the robustness of the results.

After gender adjustment, students with left-behind experiences had higher scores on discrimination perception (13.14±0.16) and rejection sensitivity (92.82±0.73) compared to the non-left-behind group (10.25±0.12) (89.12±0.55) while the social adjustment score (194.94±1.05) was lower than the non-left-behind group (202.82±0.79). The differences were statistically significant (F=212.03, 16.52, 36.02, all P < 0.01). Cross-sectional network analysis showed that the "anticipated rejection likelihood" was the core node (EI=-2.27, BEI=-2.37), playing a key role in inter-network connections and overall dynamic regulation. Longitudinal network comparison revealed statistically significant changes in the intensity centrality of the nodes "individual discrimination perception" and "anticipated rejection likelihood" (both P < 0.05), while other nodes remained relatively stable. Cross-lagged network analysis showed that the predictive effects of T1 on the variables at T2 were not statistically significant (maximum |r|=0.05, FDR-corrected P>0.50), but the binomial test indicated a systematic positive correlation trend between the variables (66.7% positive correlation, P=0.04). Sensitivity analysis showed that the bridge effect of the "anticipated rejection likelihood" and "learning adjustment" nodes at T2 was more significant in the left-behind group compared to the non-left-behind group.

The social adjustment issues of college students with left-behind experiences require focused attention on the negative regulatory effect of "rejection cognition" and the positive regulatory effect of "learning adaptation".

To explore the influencing factors and pathways of suicidal ideation among children and adolescents with severe autism spectrum disorder (ASD), so as to provide references for clarifying the impact intensity and pathways of various factors on suicidal ideation in the population.

A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 17, 2024, to January 12, 2025, involving 96 severely affected ASD children and adolescents aged 8-18 years from Tianjin. Participants were assessed using the Puberty Development Scale (PDS), Children's Alexithymia Measure (CAM), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI). The random forest Boruta algorithm was employed to screen core variables, and a Bayesian network model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors of suicidal ideation in children and adolescents with severe ASD.

Through the screening using the Boruta algorithm, the SDQ scale score, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer relationship problems and prosocial behavior were identified as the key predictors of suicidal ideation. A Bayesian network model was established with hyperactivity as the central mediating node. The impact of hyperactivity on suicidal ideation exhibited a non-linear relationship: compared to the normal state (31.6%, 68.4%), the borderline state of hyperactivity was associated with a higher probability of low-risk suicidal ideation (47.1%) and a lower probability of high-risk suicidal ideation (52.9%). Suicidal ideation among children and adolescents with severe ASD was closely related to hyperactivity. In the state of hyperactivity, the abnormal peer relationship (95.2%) and the abnormal prosocial behavior (77.0%) were aggravated.

Suicide ideation among children and adolescents with severe ASD is strongly associated with hyperactivity traits. It is necessary to establish a prevention and control system centered on hyperactivity intervention to reduce this risk.

To explore the association between physical activity, anxiety symptoms and academic performance among junior high school students, so as to provide data support for optimizing school physical education and health work and formulating physical activity guidelines.

From September to December 2022, a convenience cluster sampling method was used to survey 2 800 junior high school students in a middle school from Anqing City, Anhui Province. Data were collected on the students' anxiety symptoms, academic performance, 24-hour physical activity [moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA), light-intensity physical activity(LPA), sedentary behavior(SB), and sleep(SLP) duration] as well as demographic characteristics. Compositional data analysis was used to explore the associations between 24-hour physical activity, anxiety symptoms and academic performance among junior high school students, and to predict the optimal time-use combination pattern.

Among the junior high school students, 16.0% (447 students) reported anxiety symptoms, and 42.0% (1 175 students) achieved excellent or good academic performance. Compositional data analysis showed that increased SLP duration was associated with both reduced anxiety symptoms (β=-0.18) and decreased academic performance (β=-0.03) among junior high school students; increased MVPA duration was correlated with fewer anxiety symptoms (β=-0.02) and lower academic performance (β=-0.13); in contrast, increased SB duration was linked to more anxiety symptoms (β=0.09) and higher academic performance (β=0.09) (all P < 0.01). LPA duration exhibited a non-linear relationship with anxiety symptoms and academic performance in junior high school students (all P>0.05). The time use combination pattern corresponding to the lowest anxiety symptoms and highest academic performance (top 5%) in adolescents was 611 (520-640) minutes of SLP, 258 (230-320) minutes of SB, 454 (280-610) minutes of LPA, and 117 (20-200) minutes of MVPA per day.

The 24-hour physical activity of junior high school students is associated with anxiety symptoms and academic performance. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the time spent on SB, MVPA, and LPA for junior high school students, while reducing SB.

To investigate the prevalence of abnormal foot arch morphology and its associated factors among primary and secondary school students in Ganzhou City, so as to provide evidence for the prevention of such abnormalities.

From November 2023 to May 2024, a questionnaire was conducted among 1 013 primary and secondary school students, who were selected from one primary school and one nine-year continuous school with stratified cluster random sampling method. Professional equipment, including 2D foot scanning and plantar pressure plates, was utilized to screen pupils for abnormal foot arch morphology (including flatfoot and high-arched foot). The Chi-square was employed for intergroup comparisons, whilst multifactorial Logistic regression analysis was utilized to investigate the associated factors for the occurrence of foot morphological abnormality of arch among students.

The prevalence rate of flatfoot among primary and secondary school students at 61.1%, with bilateral cases accounting for 37.5% and unilateral cases for 23.6%; the prevalence of high-arched foot was 8.0%, comprising 3.9% in both feet and 4.0% in one foot. The prevalence rates of flatfoot among boys and girls were 68.7% and 53.6% respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that boys had a 1.45 times higher risk of developing flatfoot compared to girls (OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.05-2.02), primary and secondary students aged 6-8 and 9-10 had 4.00, 3.81 times higher risk of flatfoot respectively compared to those aged 15-16 (OR=4.00, 3.81, 95%CI=2.18-7.36, 2.08-6.99) (all P < 0.05). Compared to girls, boys had a lower risk of developing high-arched foot (OR=0.52, 95%CI=0.28-0.95), primary and secondary students who frequently corrected their sitting and standing posture also had a lower risk of high-arched foot (OR=0.30, 95%CI=0.10-0.88) (both P < 0.05).

The prevalence of abnormal foot arch morphology among primary and secondary school students is relatively high, with exercise habits, and postural behaviour identified as associated factors. It is recommended to enhance early screening and behavioural interventions for key populations, thereby advancing the prevention and correction of foot morphological abnormality of arch.

To explore the association between school climate and suicide behavior among primary and secondary school students, so as to provide recommendations for preventing student suicide in schools.

From June to July 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to conduct a questionnaire survey on suicidal behavior and school climate among 8 722 students from 36 schools in Lüliang, Linfen, and Datong cities, Shanxi Province. The relationship between school climate and suicidal behavior was analyzed using Chi-square test and binary Logistic regression, supplemented by gender heterogeneity and interaction analyses.

The prevalence of suicidal behavior among students in Shanxi Province was 11.1%. After adjusting for age, gender, educational stage, parents' educational level, residential status, family economic condition, parents' marital status and depressive symptoms, binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that peer relationships (OR=0.72, 95%CI=0.57-0.91), peer trust (OR=0.73, 95%CI=0.58-0.92), teacher support (OR=0.66, 95%CI=0.53-0.82), school safety (OR=0.61, 95%CI=0.48-0.78), having more than six friends (OR=0.64, 95%CI=0.43-0.98), and school belongingness (OR=0.70, 95%CI=0.56-0.88) among primary and secondary school students were associated with a lower risk of suicidal behavior (all P < 0.05). Students who experienced school bullying showed a higher risk of suicidal behavior (OR=2.95, 95%CI=1.80-4.82, P < 0.05). Gender-specific analysis revealed that peer relationships (OR=0.67, 95%CI=0.48-0.92), peer trust (OR=0.66, 95%CI=0.49-0.90), and school belongingness (OR=0.62, 95%CI=0.45-0.84) were associated with a lower risk of suicidal behavior suicide behavior in girls; teacher support (OR=0.50, 95%CI=0.36-0.70) and having more than six friends (OR=0.51, 95%CI=0.27-0.96) were associated with a lower risk of suicidal behavior in boys, who experienced school bullying showed a higher risk of suicidal behavior (OR=4.19, 95%CI=2.18-8.03) (all P < 0.05). Interactive analysis revealed that the dual interaction between peer support and school safety could reduced the risk of suicide behavior among primary and secondary school students safety (OR=0.83, 95%CI=0.70-0.99, P < 0.05).

School climate is closely associated with suicidal behavior among primary and secondary school students in Shanxi Province, with gender differences present. Schools should foster a positive school environment to prevent student suicide behaviors.

To analyze the current status of clinical trial registration for childhood and adolescent obesity, so as to provide insights for the registration and implementation of related trials.

ClinicalTrials.gov and the ChiCTR database were searched for obesity-related clinical trial registrations up to 1 June 2025. Data included basic characteristics (registration region, date, funding source, status, sample size), trial design features, participant demographics, interventions, outcome measures, methodology, and reporting quality. Statistical and descriptive analyses were conducted.

A total of 1 450 registered studies were included, covering 59 regions globally. North America hosted the highest number of registrations (876, 60.41%), with the United States accounting for the largest share (771, 53.17%). The earliest registered study dated to 1985, while 2016 saw the highest annual registrations (n=87). Funding sources predominantly originated from universities (834 studies, 57.52%). Currently, completed trials accounted for the majority (1 003 trials, 69.17%). Globally, the majority of studies employed sample sizes within the 11-50 range (331 studies, 22.83%). Interventional studies predominated in design type (1 186, 81.79%), predominantly employing randomized parallel-group controlled trials. Main interventions included comprehensive lifestyle interventions, physical activity and exercise interventions, and diet and nutrition interventions. High-frequency outcome indicators primarily involved body composition and anthropometric measurements, metabolic and biochemical indicators, etc. Methodology and reporting quality required improvement.

The registration of clinical trials related to childhood and adolescent obesity globally shows a positive development trend, but issues of regional imbalance and methodological limitations exist. It is necessary to strengthen clinical trial registration norms, optimize study designs, and focus on the innovation of interventions and the systematicity of outcome indicators.

To explore the association between various components of sleep quality and the co-occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors and depressive symptoms among junior high school students, so as to provide evidence for targeted prevention strategies of NSSI and depression.

From May to June 2024, a total of 5 008 junior high school students from 8 schools in 2 districts/counties of Chongqing were selected through a stratified cluster sampling method. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Adolescent Non-suicidal Self-injury Assessment Questionnaire (ANSAQ) were used to assess sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and NSSI, respectively. Data were analyzed by using the Chi-square test, Bonferroni correction, and multivariate Logistic regression.

Non-NSSI group and depressive symptoms group accounted for 68.11% among junior high school students, NSSI-only group accounted for 4.71%, only depressive symptoms group accounted for 14.94%, and co-occurrence of NSSI and depressive symptoms group accounted for 12.24%. The prevalence of the co-occurrence group was higher in girls (16.39%) than in boys (7.85%) (χ²=84.89, P < 0.01). After controlling for gender, grade, and boarding status etc., multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that five sleep components, including subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep disturbances, and daytime dysfunction, were significantly and positively associated with the co-occurrence of NSSI and depressive symptoms (OR=1.30-3.86, all P < 0.05). The strength of association between these components and the co-occurrence group, in descending order, was: daytime dysfunction (OR=2.52), sleep disturbances (OR=2.36), subjective sleep quality (OR=1.76), sleep latency (OR=1.44), and sleep duration (OR=1.22) (all P < 0.01).

The co-occurrence of NSSI and depressive symptoms is prevalent among junior high school students, with girls being more significantly affected. Sleep disturbances and daytime dysfunction may represent particularly important risk factors. Targeted and prioritized intervention strategies addressing specific sleep components should be developed and implemented to reduce the co-occurrence of NSSI and depressive symptoms in junior high school students.

To explore the experience of self-growth among caregivers of adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), so as to provide practical reference for improving the family support system of adolescents with NSSI.

From August to November 2023, a purposive sampling method was used to select 21 caregivers of adolescents with NSSI who were treated in a tertiary grade A psychiatric hospital in Xinxiang City, Henan Province for semi-structured in-depth interviews. The Colaizzi's seven-step qualitative analysis method was applied to analyze the data and extract themes related to caregiver growth.

A total of 5 themes and 12 sub-themes of benefit finding were extracted from caregivers of adolescents with NSSI: personal growth (increased psychological resilience, enhanced awareness of independent learning, improved self-reflection ability, better understanding and acceptance of NSSI behaviors in adolescents), improvement of family relationships (improved parent-child relationship, improved relationships among family members), perceived social support (more peer support, support from close friends), improvement of caregiving ability (creating a favorable rehabilitation environment, improved caregiving skills), and changes in life and education attitudes (adopting a healthier lifestyle, reasonably adjusting expectations for children).

During the process of caring for adolescents with NSSI, caregivers from positive experiences in multiple aspects such as personal growth, family relationships, social support, and life-education attitudes. Improving the mental health level of caregivers and optimize the family rehabilitation environment, will help reduce the occurrence of NSSI behaviors among adolescents.

To explore the effects of sleep on subsequent-day physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents, so as to provide a reference for refining PA intervention strategies and further investigating their underlying mechanisms.

Through searching databases including Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP cross-sectional, cohort and experimental studies on sleep and subsequent-day PA among children and adolescents were identified, with the searching period spanning from database inception to June, 2025. Based on the characteristics of the included literature, two sleep variables[sleep duration (SD) and sleep efficiency (SE)] and three physical activity variables[moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), and total physical activity (TPA)] were selected. The relationship between these two types of variables was analyzed for pooled effect sizes using Stata 17.0.

A total of 14 studies were included, with 64.3% published in 2018 or later, involving 11 361 children and adolescents from 17 countries. Meta-analysis results showed that both SD (ES=0.04, 95%CI=0.01-0.07) and SE (ES=0.24, 95%CI=0.01-0.47) were positively correlated with subsequent-day MVPA (both P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant associations were found with LPA (ES=-0.04, 95%CI=-0.13 to 0.06; ES=-0.02, 95%CI=-0.15 to 0.11) or TPA(ES=0.09, 95%CI=-0.02 to 0.20; ES=0.02, 95%CI=-0.03 to 0.06)(all P>0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that in the "≤6 years" subgroup, SD and SE were positively correlated with TPA (ES=0.22, 95%CI=0.09-0.35) and MVPA (ES=1.19, 95%CI=1.06-1.32), respectively; in the "6-12 years" subgroup, SD was positively correlated with MVPA (ES=0.05, 95%CI=0.02-0.08); in the "≥12 years" subgroup, SE was positively correlated with LPA (ES=0.08, 95%CI=0.00-0.16), while SD was negatively correlated with LPA (ES=-0.23, 95%CI=-0.31 to -0.16) (all P < 0.05).

Adequate SD and good SE can effectively enhance subsequent-day MVPA among children and adolescents, although these sleep effects vary by age group.

To explore the current status of hyperopic reserve and its related factors among non-myopia preschool and primary school students aged 5 to 12 years in Guangdong Province, so as to provide a basis for formulating intervention strategies for the pre-myopia stage of children.

From October to December 2023, by using stratified cluster random sampling method, a survey on hyperopic reserve among preschool children and primary school students in Guangdong were conducted. And a total of 10 567 children from the senior class of kindergarten to the sixth grade of primary school who completed autorefraction measurements with and without cycloplegia and the questionnaire survey were included in the study. The prevalence characteristics of low hyperopic reserve among non-myopia children were analyzed, and multivariable Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors.

The prevalence rate of low hyperopic reserve among 8 790 non-myopia children was 62.4%. The average spherical equivalent (SE) for children aged 5 to 12 years was 0.88 (0.25, 1.25)D, decreasing from 1.13 (0.75, 1.50)D in senior kindergarten to -1.00 (-2.50, 0.38)D in sixth grade, with the difference was statistically significant (H=2 475.3, P < 0.01). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for confounders including gender, urban and rural, and grade, revealed that parental myopia was a risk factor for low hyperopic reserve in the preschool stage (one parent with myopia: OR=1.62, 95%CI=1.35-1.93; both parents with myopia: OR=2.05, 95%CI=1.66-2.55); in the lower primary school stage, parental myopia (one parent with myopia: OR=1.46, 95%CI=1.27-1.68; both parents with myopia: OR=1.58, 95%CI=1.33-1.89), frequently or always reading or using electronic screens while lying down or on one's stomach (OR=1.43, 95%CI=1.13-1.81), and never or occasionally maintaining a viewing distance of over 3 meters when watching TV/playing video games (OR=1.34, 95%CI=1.04-1.72) were risk factors; in the higher primary school stage, failing to take a break every hour during near work (OR=1.79, 95%CI=1.16-2.75) was a risk factor (all P < 0.05).

The emmetropization of children aged 5-12 years in Guangdong Province is accelerated, and non-myopia children generally exhibit insufficient hyperopic reserve. The contributing factors for insufficient hyperopia reserve in non-myopia children vary across different educational stages, necessitating targeted precision interventions.