Latest ArticlesTo investigate the impact of intergenerational parent-child separation (PCS) on allergic diseases among rural preschool children, providing theoretical guidance for developing targeted public health interventions.
From March to June 2024, 10 kindergartens were selected from Nanling, Wuhu City, Anhui Province. A total of 2 279 children aged 3-6 years and their parents/primary caregivers participated in the survey by a combination of convenience sampling and cluster sampling method. Children's fathers and mothers reported the experiences of PCS during their childhood. The children's PCS experiences and allergies were reported by their primary caregivers. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was used to supplement the allergies (allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square tests were used to compare differences between children in different PCS groups. Logistic regression models assessed the association between PCS and the risk of allergic diseases in preschool children.
Among the preschoolers enrolled, the prevalence of allergic diseases in only parent-child separation group in childhood, only child separation group, and the intergenerational continuity of PCS groups were significantly higher than those of the none separation group (38.0%, 41.8%, 48.1%, 30.4%; χ2=40.45, P < 0.01). After adjusting for covariates including child age, sex and body mass index, Logistic regression model revealed that compared to children in the group without PCS, those in the only parent-child separation in childhood(OR=1.43, 95%CI=1.06-1.94), only child separation (OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.22-2.71), and intergenerational continuity of PCS (OR=2.33, 95%CI=1.68-3.24) exhibited higher allergic disease risk (all P < 0.05).
Intergenerational continuity of PCS is related to the increased risk of allergies in preschool children. The multigenerational accumulation of adverse effects from PCS underscores the importance of breaking the cycle of disadvantage across generations.
To analyze the research hotspots and advancements in weight management for obese children both domestically and internationally, providing a theoretical foundation for future studies of related fields.
Relevant literature for weight management of obese children were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu, Web of Science (WOS) databases for the period from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2024. Excel, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer were used to analyze annual publication volume, authors, institutions, keywords, and other bibliometric characteristics.
A total of 158 Chinese literature and 484 English literature were included. Domestic publications remained stable, while international publications fluctuated but stabilized during 2018-2022. The publication volume and institutional collaboration map indicated that foreign scholars' collaborations were concentrated, whereas domestic collaborations were scattered. The foreign scholar with the highest number of publications was Ball (29 articles). And the country with the most publications was the United States (256 articles). Journal dual-map overlay indicated future would focus on medicine, internal medicine and clinical medicine. Both domestic and foreign studies focused on participants, weight management methods and monitoring indicators, with foreign studies further exploring research methods.
In the past decades, weight management methods and specific measures have been a primary focus in this field, with distinct priorities observed between domestic and international scholars. In the future, international exchanges and cooperation should be strengthened, and weight management plans for obese children with Chinese characteristics should be developed according to actual conditions.
To analyze the prevalence trends of different types of elevated blood pressure and their association with nutritional status among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2024, providing references for targeted prevention strategies.
From September 2019 to 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 12 primary and secondary schools from each league city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A total of 177 108, 137 758, 190 182, 180 084, 188 056, 180 351 primary and secondary school students (excluding grades one to three of primary school) were included for physical examination. The correlation between their nutritional status and high blood pressure was analyzed based on the basic situation of 129 821 primary and secondary school students who completed a questionnaire survey at the same time in 2024. Statistical analysis was conducted using a Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression model.
From 2019 to 2024, the detection rates of elevated blood pressure were 13.60%, 13.68%, 17.60%, 17.24%, 14.77% and 15.96%, respectively. The rates for isolated systolic hypertension were 4.24%, 5.83%, 7.26%, 7.19%, 6.24% and 6.93%; isolated diastolic hypertension rates were 6.38%, 4.99%, 6.23%, 6.41%, 5.39% and 5.66%; and combined systolic and diastolic hypertension rates were 2.97%, 2.86%, 4.11%, 3.65%, 3.14% and 3.36%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls, junior high school, senior high school, overweight, and obesity were positively associated with elevated blood pressure risk (OR=1.27, 1.25, 1.32, 1.66, 3.07, all P < 0.05); conversely, county residence, Mongolian ethnicity, and other ethnicities showed negative associations (OR=0.90, 0.93, 0.90, all P < 0.05).
Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are closely related to various types of elevated blood pressure. Prevention strategies should prioritize effectively controlling weight issues among children and adolescents, thereby effectively reducing the incidence of elevated blood pressure.
To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and incidence trends of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in children aged 0-14 years in Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2024, so as to provide a reference for optimizing child TB prevention and control strategies.
Data on pulmonary TB cases in children aged 0-14 years and demographic information in Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2024 were collected from Surveillance and Reporting Management System with Disease Prevention and Control Information Management System under the National Health Security Informatization Project Disease Prevention and Control Information System. A Joinpoint regression model was established to analyze the temporal, spatial, and population distribution trends of child pulmonary TB incidence.
A total of 2 954 cases of pulmonary TB in children aged 0-14 years were reported in Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2024, accounting for 0.97% of all TB cases in the general population. The average annual reported incidence rate in children was 3.32 per 100 000. Among these cases, 804 were pathogenetically positive, showing a increasing trend (χtrend2=420.94, P < 0.01). The overall reported incidence rate of pulmonary TB in children aged 0-14 years in Shaanxi Province showed a decreasing trend, dropping from 5.35 per 100 000 in 2010 to 2.41 per 100 000 in 2024. Joinpoint regression analysis identified three distinct phases for the reported incidence rate of TB: a rapid decline from 2010 to 2013 (APC=-20.02%, 95%CI=-33.64% to -10.42%), a slight increase from 2013 to 2017 (APC=11.18%, 95%CI=3.07%-24.17%) and a slight decline again from 2017 to 2024 (APC=-7.27%, 95%CI=-12.73% to -4.30%) (all P < 0.01). Among children aged 0-14 years, the age group with the highest average annual reported incidence rate was 10-14 years (8.02 per 100 000), followed by 5-9 years (1.44 per 100 000), and 0-4 years had the lowest rate (0.95 per 100 000). The difference in reported incidence rates among the three age groups was statistically significant (χ2=51.91, P < 0.01). The average annual reported incidence rate of TB was 3.25 per 100 000 in boys and 3.39 per 100 000 in girls, with no statistically significant difference (χ2=2.01, P>0.05). There was no obvious periodic variation in the annual case reporting. Among all cities in Shaanxi Province, Ankang City had the highest average annual reported incidence rate (5.16 per 100 000).
From 2010 to 2024, the reported incidence rate of pulmonary TB in children aged 0-14 years in Shaanxi Province showed an overall decreasing trend. However, it is still necessary to strengthen active surveillance, implement targeted measures in high-incidence areas such as Ankang City, and maintain continuous attention to child TB prevention and control.
To understand the incidence risk and risk factors of tuberculosis (TB) among middle school students in Chongqing, so as to provide a basis for formulating TB prevention and control strategies.
From September to December 2022, 32 181 middle school students were selected as the study cohort from 15 administrative districts in Chongqing by using the stratified cluster random sampling method. All cohort members were screened with the tuberculin skin test (TST), and relevant information was collected from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2024. On the basis of active screening, the follow-up data of the participants were compared with the National Tuberculosis Management Information System to obtain the incidence status of the study subjects. The Log-rank test was used to compare the TB incidence rates among students with different characteristics, and a Cox proportional hazards model was established to analyze the incidence risk and risk factors of TB.
The TST screening rate of the cohort members was 93.0%. During the 2-year follow-up period, a total of 36 TB cases occurred, with a cumulative incidence rate of 111.87/100 000 and an incidence density of 55.95/100 000. Among them, the cumulative incidence rate of students from public schools (170.44/100 000) was higher than that of students from private schools (41.16/100 000), the cumulative incidence rate of students in schools located in high-epidemic areas (153.95/100 000) was higher than that in medium-epidemic areas (69.00/100 000), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=11.49, 4.73, both P < 0.05). The Log-rank test for different TST results showed that the difference in TB comulative incidence rate between students with strongly positive TST results (216.55/100 000) and those with negative TST results (81.40/100 000) was statistically significant (χ2=5.85, P < 0.05). Univariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model revealed that the risk of TB was lower in students from private schools (HR=0.25, 95%CI=0.10-0.59) and students in medium-epidemic areas (HR=0.46, 95%CI=0.23-0.94); whereas the risk of TB was increased in students with strongly positive TST results (HR=1.39, 95%CI=1.05-1.84) (all P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of TB in students from private schools was lower than that of students from public schools (HR=0.23, 95%CI=0.08-0.62, P < 0.05).
The annual average incidence rate of TB among middle school students in Chongqing is at a relatively high level. It is necessary to strengthen the management and intervention for student groups, including those in public schools, those in schools located in high-epidemic areas, and those with strongly positive TST results, so as to reduce the incidence rate of TB.
Adolescent health literacy constitutes a fundamental, economical and effective strategy for addressing their health issues and fostering healthy behaviors, while assessing health literacy plays a pivotal role in evaluating adolescents' health literacy. The study systematically reviews existing adolescent health literacy assessment tools at both domestically and internationally, and analyzes them through three dimensions: structural components, applicability and scientific validity. It further examines emerging trends in the development of such tools, aiming to offer theoretical underpinnings and practical recommendations for their refinement, thereby more effectively addressing the evolving health needs of adolescents.
The framework of pediatric inactivity triad (PIT) consists of three core factors: exercise deficit disorder, pediatric dynapenia, and physical illiteracy. It emphasizes that physical activity (PA) insufficiency is not a singular phenomenon but rather a vicious cycle resulting from the interaction of multiple factors. Based on the PIT framework, the paper explores its core components and their interrelationships, as well as analyzes the framework's application value and practical implications for improving PA levels among Chinese children and adolescents, to provide a systematic theoretical perspective for analyzing the complex causes of PA insufficiency in children and adolescents, and to offer a scientific basis for developing intervention strategies.
Sleep serves as a fundamental pillar for healthy development of adolescents. However, insufficient sleep has become a common challenge among adolescents worldwide. Among the various factors disrupting sleep, bedtime procrastination is increasingly recognized as a key disruptor of adolescents' sleep rhythms. The internal influencing factors of bedtime procrastination in individuals mainly include cognitive bias, emotional needs, delayed circadian rhythms, and imbalanced development of brain regions; and the external environmental factors mainly include family, school and digital media environment. The intervention methods for sleep include cognitive-behavioral therapy, motivational interviews, family support, regular physical exercise, so as to promote sleep health in adolescents.
Cohort studies characterized by clear temporal sequencing, rigorous control of confounding factors, and other methodological strengths, has effectively promoted scientific exploration of the effects of pregnancy exposure on children's health. The review focuses on the impacts of adverse maternal factors during pregnancy on children's physical growth and development, sorts out the scientific evidence on the longitudinal association between adverse exposures (such as endocrine and metabolic disorders, environmental pollutants, lifestyle factors, and psychological stressors) and children' s growth trajectories in existing cohort studies, explores the path of transforming high-quality research results into potential public health intervention strategies to promote the in-depth development of health protection for children and adolescents, thereby contributing to enhancing population health and the long-term goal of sustainable societal development.
In recent years, Chinese college students have shown increased awareness of the importance of physical exercise. However, challenges such as insufficient health literacy, declining physical fitness, and low participation rates in physical activity still persist. To address these issues, the study applies behavioral economics theory and incorporates concepts such as anchoring effects, intertemporal decision-making, loss aversion, and herd behavior, to examine the irrational factors and decision-making preferences underlying college students' physical exercise behaviors. By analyzing the cognitive biases in their decision-making processes, the research aims to propose targeted and scientifically validated intervention strategies, so as to provide references for improving college students' engagement in physical exercise and promoting their overall well-being.
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