Pain management in dairy cows is a crucial aspect of modern dairy farming for improving animal welfare and production efficiency. This article systematically reviews assessment methods for pain in dairy cows, the rational selection of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, and comprehensive management strategies for common painful procedures and diseases. Studies have shown that pain can lead to abnormal behavior, increased physiological stress, and reduced production performance in dairy cows. Internationally, various behavioral indicator-based pain assessment tools （such as the Dairy Cow Pain Scale） have been developed to provide a scientific basis for pain identification. In terms of pharmacological treatment, the use of highly selective COX-2 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （e.g., meloxicam） is recommended, with strict adherence to milk withdrawal and drug withdrawal periods. For common issues such as dehorning, castration, hoof diseases,dystocia, and mastitis,multimodal analgesic protocols should be implemented, combining local anesthesia with systemic analgesics, while emphasizing the timing and standardization of procedures. International dairy quality programs such as the U.S. FARM and Canada’s proAction have made pain management a mandatory requirement. China’s dairy industry should also accelerate the implementation of relevant standards to enhance dairy cow health and farming efficiency through scientific analgesia.

This study based on empirical data from the dairy industry in Gansu Province from 2019 to 2024,revealed its developmental characteristics of "simultaneous scale expansion and structural optimization,coexisting with cost pressures and market bottlenecks" through industrial chain analysis and policy evaluation. The research indicated that leveraging the advantage of the "Golden Milk Source Belt," Gansu Province saw its dairy cattle inventory increase to 383 000 heads （average annual growth of 4.5%） and milk production surge to 1.163 million tons （average annual growth of 21.7%）by 2024. The scale operation rate reached 81%,forming five major advantage production areas and a "Ganwei" brand matrix. However,cost-price inversion,overcapacity,and weak consumption constrain the sustainable development of the industry. Accordingly,this study proposed countermeasures and suggestions such as industrial chain integration,policy coordination,technology empowerment,and demand stimulation,aiming to provide theoretical reference and practical pathways for the high-quality development of the dairy industry in cold and arid regions of Northwest China.

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different doses of Angelica extract on production performance,serum antioxidant indicators,and rumen function in dairy cows.[Method] Eighty-four healthy lactating Holstein cows were randomly divided into four groups： the control group （group A） was fed a basal diet,while the treatment groups （groups B,C,and D） were supplemented with 100,300,and 500 mg/kg of Angelica extract,respectively,based on the basal diet. The experiment lasted for 30 days,during which production performance,milk composition,serum antioxidant indicators,and rumen fermentation parameters were measured.[Result] Compared with the control group,supplementation with 300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of Angelica extract significantly increased average daily feed intake and milk yield （P<0.05）,reduced the feed-to-milk ratio,and significantly improved milk fat rate and milk protein rate while reducing somatic cell count in milk （P<0.05）.Regarding serum antioxidant indicators,activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）,catalase （CAT）,and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） were significantly increased,and malondialdehyde （MDA） content was significantly decreased in the treatment groups （P<0.05）. In terms of rumen fermentation,the contents of microbial crude protein （MCP）,acetate,and propionate were significantly increased （P<0.05）,while no significant effects were observed on rumen pH or the contents of butyrate and isobutyrate.[Conclusion] Dietary supplementation with 300~500 mg/kg of Angelica extract can effectively improve production performance,milk quality,antioxidant capacity,and rumen function in dairy cows,demonstrating its potential as a functional feed additive.

Against the backdrop of in-depth globalization and the increasing prominence of global issues such as global warming, the evaluation of corporate ESG （Environmental,Social,and Governance）factors has become increasingly important,and its impact on corporate development has also attracted widespread attention.This paper took Mengniu Dairy as the research object to deeply explore the development status of China's dairy industry from the ESG perspective.The study found that with the strengthening of domestic policy guidance and the tightening of regulatory requirements,listed dairy companies have gradually started the active disclosure of ESG information, but the overall disclosure level still has much room for improvement. As a leading enterprise in China's dairy industry,Mengniu Dairy has achieved remarkable results in environmental protection,fulfillment of social responsibilities, and optimization of corporate governance.It has not only built a comprehensive ESG strategic system but also clearly put forward the grand goal of achieving "carbon neutrality" in the entire industrial chain by 2050.On this basis, this paper further analyzed the internal connection between ESG and corporate performance,and extracted valuable experiences of Mengniu Dairy in the practice of environmental and social responsibilities.Finally,combining with the overall development of the industry,it systematically sorted out the challenges and opportunities faced by China's dairy industry in the process of ESG practice, and put forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions to promote the high-quality development of ESG in the industry.

Autumn is a high-incidence period for dairy cow diseases, making scientific disease prevention crucial for maintaining herd health. However, preventive measures may induce physiological, immune, and chemical stress in cows, disrupting the endocrine system, altering energy allocation, and consequently reducing reproductive performance. This paper systematically analyzed the mechanisms through which autumn disease prevention affects dairy cow reproduction, including stress-induced endocrine disorders, nutrient competition triggered by immune activation, and indirect negative impacts of health issues on reproduction. Integrated management strategies are proposed：optimizing prevention procedures （staggered operations, low-stress vaccines and medications）, enhancing nutritional regulation （increasing energy and key nutrient supply）,implementing reproductive monitoring and hormonal interventions, and refining operational procedures to mitigate stress. These measures aim to synergistically improve both health protection and reproductive efficiency, providing theoretical foundations and practical guidance for dairy farm management in autumn.

Based on survey data from 109 dairy farms across 10 provinces in China,this report systematically analyzes the current situation,problems,and challenges regarding inflammation and pain management within the Chinese dairy farming industry. The results indicate that although 93.1% of the farms have established identification standards for inflammation and pain,issues persist. These include an imperfect identification system,reliance on singular detection methods,a production-oriented rather than welfare-oriented approach to pain management（“high pain score,low intervention”）,price-driven drug selection,irrational structure of veterinary drug budgets,incomplete record-keeping and evaluation systems,relatively low educational levels among veterinarians,and a fragmented training system. The report highlights significant deficiencies in pain management for key procedures such as calf dehorning,mastitis,and hoof diseases,with the phenomenon of "high pain score,low intervention"being particularly prominent.Based on these findings,the report proposes multiple recommendations concerning identification standards,detection technologies,drug application,budget management,and personnel training.These aim to promote the standardization,precision,and welfare-oriented improvement of dairy cow inflammation and pain management,thereby supporting the healthy and sustainable development of the dairy farming industry.

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of heat stress on production performance, milk composition,and blood biochemical indicators of dairy cows in different lactation stages in the Linyi region. [Methods] A total of 24 healthy Holstein cows were selected and divided into three groups according to days in milk: early lactation （≤60 d）, mid-lactation （61~150 d）,and late lactation （≥151 d）. The experiment was conducted from May to August 2024. Milk yield,respiratory rate,rectal temperature,milk composition,and blood indicators （HSP70,prolactin,leptin） were monitored during non-heat stress and heat stress periods. [Results] Heat stress significantly reduced milk yield in all lactation stages （P< 0.05） and significantly increased respiratory rate and rectal temperature. The lactose and solid content increased significantly in early and mid-lactation cows （P< 0.05）,while milk fat rate and milk protein rate showed no significant changes. Heat stress also significantly up-regulated HSP70 expression and reduced prolactin levels in early and mid-lactation cows （P< 0.05）,with no significant change in leptin levels. [Conclusion] Heat stress significantly affects the production performance,milk quality,and blood indicators of dairy cows,with early and mid-lactation cows being more susceptible. The results provide a theoretical basis for developing regional strategies for the prevention and control of heat stress in dairy cows.

Changdu City,a traditional pastoral region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,has a large population of dairy livestock,and dairy products feature prominently in the local diet. The region also boasts a long history of producing and consuming yogurt. However,the industry's development is constrained by a mismatch between growing market demand and a shortage of modern dairy processing facilities,leading to an unmet local consumer demand for yogurt products. This study investigated the current state of the yogurt industry in Changdu by analyzing products available in various large supermarkets and convenience stores.The findings aimed to provide insights for improving raw material quality,diversifying product varieties,and strengthening brand building within the local yogurt sector.

Brucellosis,a zoonotic disease,not only severely impairs the reproductive performance of dairy cattle but also poses a significant threat to public health and safety. Autumn is a critical period for brucellosis prevention and control in dairy cattle,playing a vital role in reducing the incidence of brucellosis,enhancing the resistance of dairy cattle,and safeguarding their reproductive performance. Therefore,this paper discussed the key measures for autumn brucellosis prevention and control,including disinfection,immunization,testing and monitoring,and feeding management. It also analyzed the positive effects of autumn prevention and control in protecting the health of dairy cattle' reproductive systems,reducing the abortion rate,improving the survival quality of calves,and maintaining the reproductive stability of the herd. It is expected to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for improving the prevention and control effect of brucellosis in dairy farms in autumn and ensuring the reproductive performance of dairy cattle.

This study was based on field survey data from 17 large-scale dairy farms in the Yantai region in September 2024,systematically analyzing the short-term effects and recovery patterns of mandatory foot-and-mouth disease（type OA）vaccination on the reproductive performance of dairy cows. The results showed that within one week after vaccination, the estrus rate, breeding rate, and conception rate of dairy cows decreased by 14.3%, 9.8%, and 8.5%, respectively, while the abortion rate slightly increased. One month after vaccination, all reproductive indicators essentially returned to pre-vaccination levels.Vaccination stress, operational standardization, and vaccine adjuvants were identified as the main factors affecting reproductive performance. The study further found a positive correlation between the frequency of sanitary disinfection and the recovery speed of reproductive indicators post-vaccination. Based on these findings, optimization recommendations such as “group-based vaccination and staggered breeding”“enhanced nutrition and estrus monitoring”,and “establishing a comprehensive disinfection system” are proposed to mitigate the negative impact of vaccination on reproductive performance and improve the effectiveness of autumn foot-and-mouth disease prevention and dairy cow reproductive efficiency.