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This study conducted a diversity analysis of the fungal communities in raw milk of the bactrian camel and the environment where they are raised. The aim was to clarify the structure and distribution characteristics of the fungal communities, explore the impact of fungi on the quality of camel milk, and provide scientific basis for ensuring the quality and safety of camel milk and optimizing the breeding environment.
In this experiment, raw camel milk samples, temporary storage tank milk samples, and milk tanker milk samples from camels, as well as six sets of samples each for feed, forage, and bedding soil, were collected from three camel breeding cooperatives. The ITS 1 amplification sequencing technology was used to analyze the fungal community structure and diversity of the camel milk group and environmental group samples.
A total of 5 476 597 raw sequences and 4 580 307 valid sequences were obtained from 18 sample. 80 251 ASVs were identified. The main dominant fungal genera in raw milk samples was Acrogenospora, followed by Trichosporon. In the environmental group, the dominant genus was Aschersonia, in the forage was Aspergillus, and in the soil pad was Acrogenospora. In the camel milk group and the environmental group, the dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Compared with the camel milk group, the fungal diversity in the environmental group showed significant differences (P<0.05). There were certain differences in the fungal community structure among different sampling sites, and the community structure and abundance were significantly different.
There were significant differences in the diversity of camel milk and environmental fungi among the three camel breeding cooperatives. Some fungi could degrade the proteins and fats in camel milk, thereby affecting the quality of the milk. The composition of the camel milk fungal community is closely related to the breeding environment and there is a risk of cross-contamination. Therefore, trengthening environmental control and fungal monitoring can effectively ensure the quality of camel milk.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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