This paper aimed to analyze the current development status and issues of the dairy industry chain in the Walloon region of Belgium, explore its optimization pathways, and summarize the implications for the development of China's dairy industry. By examining the characteristics of breeding, processing, circulation, and consumption in this industry chain, combined with relevant data analysis, it is found that although the dairy industry in the Walloon region is the core of the regional agricultural economy and has advantages in butter production, it still faces prominent problems such as the reduction of breeding entities, a single product structure, imbalanced channel bargaining power, and insufficient industry chain coordination. Finally, based on the actual development of China's dairy industry and the experience of the Walloon region's dairy industry development, development insights that are adaptable are drawn to provide a reference for the high-quality development of China's dairy industry.