To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of recombinant human growth hormone injection (rhGH) in the treatment of children with idiopathic short stature (ISS) and its influence on levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3).

Children with ISS were randomized into control group and treatment group. The control group was subcutaneously injected with 0.15 U·kg^-1 of rhGH injection, while the treatment group was given subcutaneous injection of 0.20 U·kg^-1 of rhGH injection, and both groups were continuously treated for 6 months. The clinical efficacy, growth status [growth velocity, height standard deviation score (HtSDS), predicted adult height (PAH)], bone metabolism indicators {AKP, osteocalcin (OC), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH)D]} and serum IGF-1 and IGFBP3 levels were compared, and the safety was assessed.

In the treatment group, 46 cases were enrolled, 6 cases were lost, and 40 cases were finally included in the statistical analysis. In the control group, 46 cases were enrolled, 1 case was lost, and 45 cases were finally included in the statistical analysis. The total effective rates in treatment group and control group after 6 months treatment were 85.00% (34 cases/40 cases) and 64.44% (29 cases/45 cases), respectively, with a statistical significance (P<0.05). After 6 months treatment, the growth rates in treatment group and control group were (7.96±1.62) and (6.84±1.56) cm·year^-1; HtSDS values were -2.38±0.24 and -2.61±0.28; PAH values were (156.86±4.18) and (155.02±4.25) cm; serum AKP levels were (278.42±47.46) and (257.14±42.79) U·L^-1; OC levels were (76.92±10.17) and (72.43±10.32) μg·L^-1; 25 (OH) D levels were (59.96±4.74) and (55.52±4.69) nmol·L^-1; serum IGF-1 levels were (296.77±28.32) and (251.47±24.96) ng·mL^-1; serum IGFBP3 levels were (5.76±1.22) and (4.86±0.89) μg·mL^-1, respectively. Compared with the control group, the above indexes in the treatment group were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The adverse drug reactions in treatment and control group were mainly headache, rash and joint pain, rash and joint pain. The incidence rates of adverse reactions in treatment group and control group were 12.50% (5 cases/40 cases) and 6.67% (3 cases/45 cases), without significant difference (P>0.05).

The clinical efficacy of rhGH injection in the treatment of children with ISS is definite; and the improvement of IGF-1, AKP and IGFBP3 levels by 0.20 U·kg^-1 rhGH is significantly better than that by 0.15 U·kg^-1 rhGH, which is more conducive to promoting bone development and accelerating growth without increasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions.

To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of antidepressant drugs in the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD).

The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP Journals of Chinese Scienc were searched, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed) database until November 2023. Screen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of antidepressant drugs for the treatment of PPD. The treatment group was given antidepressant drugs, and the control group was given placebo or another antidepressant drug. Meta-analysis of effectiveness and acceptability is performed using Stata 17.0 software.

A total of 27 RCTs with a total of 2 202 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed: The top three efficacy relative to placebo were mirtazapine [odds ratio (OR) = 2.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (1.20-3.30), P<0.05], nortriptyline [OR=1.50, 95%CI=(0.55-2.44), P>0.05], venlafaxine [OR=1.35, 95% CI=(0.13-2.56), P>0.05]. Acceptability is compared with placebo in the top three Chinese herbal medicine [OR=0.47, 95% CI=(-0.72-1.66), P>0.05], nortriptyline [OR=-0.08, 95% CI=(-1.16-1.33), P>0.05], venlafaxine [OR=-0.12, 95% CI=(-1.47-1.24), P>0.05].

Nortriptyline, venlafaxine, trazodone, and duloxetine are effective in treating PPD without obvious adverse drug reactions.

To investigate the effects of γ-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) rs11545078 C>T polymorphisms on serum concentrations, chemotherapy toxicities of methotrexate (MTX), and prognosis in children with intracranial tumors.

Peripheral blood samples were obtained from children with intracranial tumors to extract genome DNA. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry was used to detect the genotypes of GGH rs11545078 C>T polymorphisms. Fluorescence polarization immunoassay was employed to determine the serum concentrations of MTX. The incidences of toxicities, relapse, and metastasis were recorded after chemotherapy with MTX. The associations of GGH rs11545078 C>T polymorphisms with concentration-to-dose ratios (C/D ratios), chemotherapy toxicities of MTX, relapse, and metastasis of tumors were analyzed.

A total of 75 children were included in the present study. The frequencies of rs11545078 CC and CT genotypes were 82.67% and 17.33%, respectively. The frequencies of C and T alleles were 91.33% and 8.67%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences for these frequencies among the children with intracranial tumors, the children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and the health population in Beijing. Children with the CC genotype had higher median C/D ratios of MTX in 24 and 42 h (25.19 and 0.14 μmol·L^-1 per g·m^-2, respectively), higher metastasis rates (46.77%), and lower relapse rates (17.74%) than those in CT genotype carriers (22.01 and 0.11 μmol·L^-1 per g·m^-2, 38.46%, and 30.77%, respectively), and the differences were no statistically significant (all P>0.05). The incidences of gastrointestinal disorders (76.92%) in children with the CT genotype were significantly higher than those in CC genotype carriers (45.16%, P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the incidences of other adverse events between patients with the CC genotype and patients with the CT genotype (all P>0.05).

GGH rs11545078 CT might be a risk factor for gastrointestinal disorders in children with intracranial tumors treated with MTX.

To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine injection combined with esketamine injection in the treatment of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma radical resection.

Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma radical resection were randomly divided into treatment and control groups. The treatment group will receive intravenous administration of 0.6 μg·kg^-1 dexmedetomidine 10 minutes before anesthesia induction. Subsequently, anesthesia induction will be performed with intravenous administration of 0.5 mg·kg^-1 esketamine. Anesthesia maintenance will be achieved with intravenous infusion of 0.25 mg·kg^-1·h^-1 esketamine and 0.3 μg·kg^-1·h^-1 dexmedetomidine used an infusion pump. The control group will receive intravenous administration of an equivalent volume of 0.9% NaCl 10 minutes before anesthesia induction. Anesthesia induction will then be performed with intravenous administration of 2.5-5.0 μg·kg^-1 fentanyl. Anesthesia maintenance will involve intravenous infusion of 0.10-0.25 μg·kg^-1·min^-1 remifentanil used an infusion pump. The anesthesia effectiveness, analgesic effectiveness, hemodynamics and safety were compared between the two groups.

Treatment group were enrolled 62 cases, 1 case dropped out, and 61 cases were finally included in the statistical analysis. Control group were enrolled 61 cases, 1 case dropped out, and 60 cases were finally included in the statistical analysis. The recovery room stay time of treatment and control groups was (25.97±4.52) and (18.39±3.64) min, the extubation time was (16.75±4.84) and (10.16±3.18) min, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). After operation 24 h, visual analogue scores of treatment and control groups were (0.85±0.17) and (1.39±0.25) points, adrenocorticotropin levels were (60.07±7.13) and (72.64±9.81) pg·mL^-1, cortisol levels were (481.20±49.15) and (539.94±57.77) nmol·L^-1, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The mean arterial pressure at 30 min after anesthesia induction (T1) and at the end of surgery (T2) in treatment group were (82.34±4.98) and (86.57±4.18) mmHg, while those in control group were (77.25±7.16) and (76.02±6.29) mmHg; the heart rates of T1 and T2 in treatment groups were (64.08±4.19) and (66.45±4.83) time·min^-1, while those in control group were (68.44±6.02) and (72.08±7.27) time·min^-1; and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The adverse drug reactions in two groups were nausea, vomiting, bradycardia and dizziness. The total incidences of adverse drug reactions in treatment and control groups were 8.20% and 15.00%, without significant difference (P>0.05).

Dexmedetomidine injection combined with esketamine injection has a definitive analgesia efficacy in the treatment of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma radical resection, which can significantly reduce stress responses, maintain hemodynamic stability, without increasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions.

To evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of propofol injectable emulsion, and to assess the bioequivalence of test and reference formulations in healthy Chinese adult volunteers.

Thirty-two healthy Chinese adult volunteers were recruited and randomly assigned to a fasting. single-dose, two-period and double-crossover study. Propofol was given to eligible subjects at a speed of 30 μg·kg^-1·min^-1 for 30 min. The concentration of propofol in plasma was determined by avalidated high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometery (HPLC-MS/MS) method. The PK parameters of the two preparations were calculated. Bispectral index (BIS) was measured to calculate the PD parameters of two formulations. Adverse events during the trial were recorded.

Thirty-one volunteers were included in the pharmacokinetic parameter set. The mean values of PK parameters of test andreference formulations were as follows: C_max were (660.87±110.25) and (683.13±125.75)ng·mL^-1; AUC_0-t were (473.50±86.03) and (478.40±80.25)h·ng·mL^-1; AUC_0-∞ were (500.45±96.49) and (507.84±88.00)h·ng·mL^-1; t_max were 0.47(0.25,0.53) and 0.50(0.40, 0.54)h; t_1/2 were (2.97±1.74) and (3.08±1.82)h. Thirty-one volunteers were included in the bioequivalence set. The 90% confidence intervals (CI) for the geometric mean ratios of C_max, AUC_0-t, AUC_0-∞ were 92.64%-101.39%, 96.43%-101.00%, 95.67%-100.70%, respectively. The mean values of PD parameters of test and reference formulations were as follows: BIS_min were (75.94±13.66) and (74.39±12.32); BIS_{AUC 0-60 min} were 5 569.85±182.78 and 5 575.68±166.19; T-BIS_min were 23.00 and 29.00 min, respectively. There were no serious adverse events.

Two formulations of propofol injectable emulsion were bioequivalent and both of them exhibited good safety.

To establish a method for determining the concentration of contezolid in human cerebro spinal fluid (CSF) using ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).

Linezolid as the internal standard (IS) and acetonitrile as the protein precipitant. Waters ACQUITY UPLC^® BEH C₁₈ (2.1 mm×50.0 mm, 1.7 μm) chromatographic column was used for separation, with a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution, gradient elution method, flow rate was 0.4 mL·min^-1, column temperature was 40 ℃, automatic sampler temperature was 10 ℃, the analysis time was 4 minutes. Electrospray ion source, positive ion mode, and multi-reaction monitoring scanning mode were used. The monitoring and analysis ion pairs for contezolid were m/z 409.15→269.14, and the monitoring ion pairs for linezolid were m/z 338.14→195.10. The specificity, standard curve and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), precision and recovery rate, matrix effect, residual effect, dilution effect and stability of the method were investigated.

The endogenous substances in CSF do not interfere with the determination of the analyte contezolid and the internal standard linezolid, and the method has good specificity. Satisfactory linearity was observed within the concentration range of 20-5 000 ng·mL^-1 for contezolid in CSF, the calibration curve was y=8.97×10^-4x+1.95×10^-2 (r=0.999 1), and the LLOQ was 20 ng·mL^-1. Precision of the intra-batch and inter-batch relative standard deviation (RSD)<15%, and the extraction recovery were 90.96%-98.71%. The average normalized matrix effect factor of the quality control CSF sample were 94.39%-100.25%. The RSD of dilution effect<15%. The CSF samples of contezolid were stored at room temperature, in the automatic sampler for 72 hours, -20 ℃ and -80 ℃ for 90 days, and subjected to repeated freezing and thawing three times, were stable with all of which the RSD<10%.

This method is high sensitivity, rapid, simple and accurate, which is very suitable for the therapeutic drug monitoring of contezolid in human CSF.

To investigate the effect and mechanism of methyl oxofulnonone A (META) on high glucose (HG)-induced H9c2 cell injury.

H9c2 cells were divided into control group (normal culture), model group (55 mmol·L^-1 glucose) and experimental -L, -M, -H groups (55 mmol·L^-1 glucose+12.5, 25.0, 50.0 μmol·L^-1 META). Cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8; intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected by DCFH-DA fluorescent probe; intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content was detected by luciferase; and autophagy-related protein expression was detected by Western blotting.

The optical density values of 72-hour cells in the control group, model group and experimental -M, -H groups were 0.91±0.03, 0.61±0.01, 0.69±0.02 and 0.72±0.03; the ROS levels were (40.75±1.53)%, (43.73±1.30)%, (30.87±1.27)% and (28.28±1.43)%; the ATP contents were (8.16±0.71), (4.03±0.29), (5.29±0.31) and (5.83±0.31) nmol·mg^-1; the relative expression levels of autophagy-related gene 5 protein were 1.05±0.06, 1.46±0.09, 0.98±0.11 and 0.89±0.09; the relative expression levels of ubiquitin-binding protein were 1.05±0.10, 0.55±0.13, 0.89±0.04 and 0.98±0.04; the ratios of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ protein were 1.09±0.09, 1.82±0.05, 1.67±0.29 and 1.09±0.15, respectively. Among the above indicators, there were statistically significant differences between the model group and the control and experimental -M, -H groups (P<0.05, P<0.01).

META significantly ameliorates H9c2 cardiomyocyte damage caused by high glucose, ameliorates oxidative stress, protects mitochondrial respiration and inhibits autophagy.

To investigate the protective effect of astaxanthin (ASTA) on gouty chondrocyte injury induced by monosodium urate crystal (MSU) and its mechanism.

The gout cell model by sodium urate crystals was established. C-28I2 cells were randomly divided into blank group (conventional culture), model group (200 μg·mL^-1 MSU), experimental-L group (200 μg·mL^-1 MSU+20 μmol·mL^-1 ASTA), experimental-H group (200 μg·mL^-1 MSU+40 μmol·L^-1 ASTA), experimental-H+Vector group (transfected with Vector +200 μg·mL^-1 MSU+40 μmol·L^-1 ASTA), experimental-H+NLRP3 group (transfected with NLRP3 plasmid +200 μg·mL^-1 MSU+40 μmol·L^-1 ASTA). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect the cell proliferation rate; Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of related proteins; the levels of Hyp and GAG were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

The cell proliferation rate of blank group, model group, experimental-L group and experimental-H group were (100.00±5.40)%, (67.41±4.52)%, (72.69±5.05)% and (81.47±7.73)%, respectively. The above indicators showed statistically significant differences between the model group and the blank group, between the experimental-L, experimental-H groups and the model group (all P<0.05). Nucleotide binding oligomeric domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) protein expression levels in blank group, model group, experimental-L group, experimental-H group, experimental-H+Vector group and experimental-H+NLRP3 group were 0.44±0.04, 0.86±0.06, 0.72±0.10, 0.52±0.03, 0.51±0.03 and 1.13±0.10, respectively; the expression levels of cleaved Caspase-1 (Cl-caspase-1) protein were 0.33±0.05, 0.73±0.08, 0.61±0.07, 0.42±0.04, 0.39±0.04 and 0.70±0.06, respectively; the mature interleukin (m-IL)-1β protein expression levels were 0.26±0.03, 0.91±0.05, 0.70±0.11, 0.57±0.08, 0.58±0.06 and 0.79±0.08, respectively; the Hyp levels were (1.95±0.22), (3.33±0.25), (2.53±0.18), (2.22±0.21), (2.24±0.20) and (3.25±0.38) μg·mL^-1, respectively; the GAG levels were (2.30±0.20), (3.71±0.26), (3.29±0.33), (2.90±0.16), (2.97±0.24) and (3.50±0.34) ng·mL^-1, respectively. The above indicators showed statistically significant differences between the model group and the blank group, between the experimental-L, experimental-H groups and the model group, between the experimental-H+NLRP3 group and the experimental-H+Vector group (all P<0.05).

Astaxanthin can regulate NLRP3 to play an anti-inflammatory role and has a protective effect on MSU-induced gouty cartilage injury.