To understand the distribution and antibiotic resistance changes of clinical isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae in Xinjiang from 2019 to 2023, and provide a basis for the rational use of antibiotics in clinical practice.

Clinical isolates from Xinjiang region between 2019 and 2023 were collectd and identified and subjected to drug sensitivity tests using the fully automated bacterial identification analyzer VITEK-2 compact and VITEK-MS, supplemented by the K-B paper method.

Over the course of 5 years, a total of 72 678 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were detected, among which 19 061 were extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing strains, accounting for a detection rate of 26.23%. The strains mainly come from sputum, urine, blood, etc. The top three departments in terms of strain distribution were the intensive care medicine, respiratory medicine, and pediatrics. The resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to third-generation cephalosporins ceftriaxone and ceftazidime were 21.42% and 15.73%, respectively. The resistance rates to carbapenems ranged from 6.82% to 7.48%, and the resistance rate to amikacin was 4.15%.

Klebsiella pneumoniae has become one of the most common pathogenic bacteria in clinical practice. The resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae detected in Xinjiang is not optimistic. In order to improve the treatment effect of antibiotics, the resistance of antibiotics in the local area should be continuously monitored, and antibiotics should be selected reasonably based on drug sensitivity results.