Eight representative automobile manufacturing enterprises were investigated, and 109 samples of raw and auxiliary materials, including coatings and adhesives, were collected to determine reactive organic carbon (ROC) and to establish the source composition spectrum of ROC in automobile manufacturing industry. The maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) method and two-product parametric method were used to quantify the corresponding contributions of ROC to the generation of O₃ and SOA. The results showed that: ① The VOC contents in different types of raw and auxiliary materials varied considerably: the average ρ(VOCs)of water-based and solvent-based automotive coatings were 289.92 and 490.32g/L; the average ρ(VOCs) of water-based, bulk and solvent-based adhesives were 27.00, 27.50 and 196.67g/L, respectively; and the average ρ(VOCs) of water-based and solvent-based cleaning agents were 116.60 and 831.20g/L. ② The main components of water-based coatings were alcohol ethers and ether esters, esters and alcohols, the main components of solvent-based coatings were aromatic hydrocarbons, esters and alcohols, and the main components of both bulk and solvent-based adhesives were alkanes. ③ In water-based coatings, the mass proportions of various organics were SVOCs (36.03%), IVOCs (37.77%) and VOCs (26.21%). In solvent-based coatings, the mass proportions of various organics were IVOCs (4.59%) and VOCs (95.41%). In bulk adhesives, the main organics was VOCs (100%). In solvent-based adhesives, the mass proportions of various organics were IVOCs (2.64%) and VOCs (97.36%). ④ The OFP productions by water-based coatings, solvent-based coatings, bulk and solvent-based adhesives were 93.67, 2679.27, 25.82, and 41.82g O₃/(L raw materials), respectively, and the primary contributing species were diethylene glycol butyl ether (42.03%), 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene(28.29%), 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane (52.20%), and 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptae (78.63%), respectively. ⑤ The SOA productions by water-based coatings, solvent-based coatings, bulk and solvent-based adhesives were 18.49, 16.70, 4.82, and 4.28g SOA/(L raw materials), respectively. The largest contributions to SOA formation were caused by IVOC and SVOC species in water-based coatings, yet the largest contributions to SOA formation were VOCs species in solvent-based coatings and adhesives. ⑥After adding the assessment of the contribution of IVOCs and SVOCs species to SOA generation in the study, it was found that SOA productions per unit volume of water-based coatings were higher than that for solvent-based coatings and adhesives, which showed that the effects of SVOCs and IVOCs in water-based coatings on the atmospheric environment should be taken into account in pollution prevention policies formulation.

To prepare a highly efficient heterogeneous carbon-based magnetic catalyst with excellent solid-liquid separation properties and good stability for activating potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS), this study employed Mn.Zn.FeO (MZF)magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as the magnetic core, and dopamine (DA) along with powdered activated carbon (PAC) was utilized to synthesize the magnetic nanocomposite MZF@PDA-PAC through a step-by-step deposition method. MZF@PDA-PAC was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The efficiency of MZF@PDA-PAC in activating PMS for the degradation of diclofenac sodium (DS) was investigated, along with the removal mechanism of DS and the activation mechanism of PMS by MZF@PDA-PAC. The results showed that MZF@PDA-PAC possessed a "core-shell" structure, which exhibited excellent dispersibility and solid-liquid separation performance in water. Both radical pathways (, HO· and ) and non-radical pathways (electron transfer) played important roles in DS removal in the MZF@PDA-PAC+PMS system, with DS and TOC removal efficiencies of 99.50% and 66.32%, respectively. MZF@PDA-PAC was shown to have high stability and good recyclability, which has broad application prospect in the degradation of refractory organic compounds.

To have explored the mechanism of the impact of MPs on the nitrogen metabolism function of water bodies, the study had conducted indoor simulation experiments from the perspective of microorganisms. Specifically, it had experimentally tested the impact of traditional polyethylene (PE) microplastics and biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics at various concentrations (0, 1, 5, and 10mg/L) on total nitrogen (TN), ammonium (NH₄⁺-N), nitrite (NO₂^--N), and nitrate (NO₃^--N) levels. Furthermore, it had analyzed the effects on nitrogen-metabolizing microbial communities and their functional genes. The results had shown that both PE and PLA microplastics had contribute to nitrogen accumulation in water. PE microplastics increased TN concentrations by 53.77% to 94.76%, while PLA microplastics had caused an increase of 24.04% to 48.74% compared to the control. The impact on different nitrogen forms had varied according to the type and concentration of microplastics. Notably, PE microplastics had been negatively correlated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Cyanobacteria, whereas PLA microplastics had exhibited a positive correlation with bacteria involved in inorganic nitrogen processes, such as Actinobacteria. It had further shown that both PE and PLA microplastics had significantly affected genes responsible for nitrogen fixation, nitrate reduction, and denitrification. This research had highlightsed the complex effects of microplastics on nitrogen cycling in aquatic systems, with the same particle size but different types and concentrations of MPs leading to varied outcomes on microbial community structure and nitrogen metabolism functions.

This research increases the accuracy of Net Primary Productivity (NPP) estimation in the CASA (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach) model by refining the calculation methods for solar radiation parameters and water stress coefficients. Based on the improvement, correlation and trend analysis of NPP and meteorological variables were carried out.Following model optimization, the correlation between NPP and field observation data improved to 0.62. From 2001 to 2022, the annual average NPP in Jiangxi Province increased steadily, with the average value exceeding 1000gC/(m²⋅a). The monthly NPP values were in the following seasonal order: autumn > summer > winter > spring, with July having the highest value. The highest and lowest annual NPP values were observed in 2018 and 2010, respectively. Trend analysis and correlation facts show that, despite a decline in solar radiation from 2001 to 2022, NPP changes were not considerably impacted. A least-squares regression model revealed that NPP increased with rising temperature and decreased with decreasing sun radiation. Despite recent increases in extreme events (2019~2022), there has been no notable decrease in NPP levels.

This study collected 616 toxicological data of 8 elements on 5 species and 3 microbial processes in 31 Chinese soils through literature collection, attempting to construct a new model for predicting the toxicity of limited elements in soil data—the Quantitative ion characteristic activity relationship (s-QICAR) model. Firstly, based on the normalization method of soil properties, the toxicity values (logEC₁₀; 1.42~3.35) of 8 elements to 5 species and 3 microbial processes were obtained under three soil scenarios of acidic, neutral, and alkaline. On this basis, the relationship between the 23 structural characteristic parameters of elements and their corresponding biological toxicity values was analyzed, and 24s-QICAR models (R²=0.70~0.98; P=0.001~0.023) were established using the covalent radius (CR) of elements. Furthermore, s-QICAR was used to predict the logEC₁₀ (1.44~3.20) of V, As, Se, and Sn for 8species. Combined with the species sensitivity distribution curve, the HC₅values of these four elements protecting 95% of organisms under three scenarios were calculated. After correction, the predicted no-effect concentrations of the four elements in acidic, neutral, and alkaline soil scenarios were V: 13, 16, 17mg/kg; As: 10, 13, 15mg/kg; Se: 4.9, 7.2, 8.4mg/kg; Sn: 42, 44, 45mg/kg, and the ecological risk threshold map for these 4elements was drawn. This study establishes a new method applicable to the ecological risk of soil elements in China, providing scientific basis for soil environmental risk assessment and management.

A heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification (HNAD) strain WN1 with significant tolerance against high ammonium concentrations was isolated from a reactor treating high-strength ammonium organic wastewater. Based on colony morphology and 16S rDNA analysis, it was identified as Corynebacterium glutamicum. The growth and metabolic characteristics of WN1 were studied under different initial ammonium concentrations of 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000mg/L, respectively. The results showed that strain WN1 could still grow well (48h, OD₆₀₀=3.264) at an initial ammonium concentration of 3000mg/L, corresponding to a free ammonia concentration of 590.2mg/L. As initial ammonium concentrations increased from 500 to 3000mg/L, the maximum ammonium conversion rate (R_m) of strain WN1increased from 15.93 to 43.29mg/(L·h). Additionally, the average conversion rates of ammonium and COD were 7.06~9.36mg/(L·h) and 95.63~199.13mg/(L·h), respectively. Furthermore, the Haldane model was used to characterize the growth and substrate degradation properties of strain WN1under different initial ammonium concentrations (R² = 0.99). Strain WN1had a maximum specific growth rate of u_max = 0.36h^-1, a maximum specific ammonium degradation rate of r_max = 6.45gN/(gDCW·d), and a maximum specific COD degradation rate of r_max = 122.85gCOD/(gDCW·d). The ammonium inhibition constant K_i of strain WN1was 3749.49mg/L, indicating greater resistance to high ammonium concentrations compared with other autotrophic or heterotrophic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. The results suggest that strain WN1is promising for treating high-strength ammonium organic wastewater.

Microbial-based compound enzyme was in-situ prepared using food waste as the sole substrate in this study, and the effect and mechanism of ultrasonic combined with enzymatic pretreatment on methane production of food waste was investigated systematically. Results showed that the combined pretreatment could enhance the methane production of food waste, which was higher than that of single ultrasonic or enzymatic pretreatment, while increased the enzyme dosage could further improve the methane production. The maximal methane yield could reach (369.86±14.06)mL/g VS, which was 57.21% higher than that of the unpretreated food waste. The mechanism dissection revealed that the combined pretreatment promoted the decomposition of biomacromolecules in food waste, which was transferred from solid to liquid phase, thereby improving the biodegradability of fermentation substrate. Meanwhile, it was found that the combined pretreatment changed the protein secondary structure and destroyed the surface morphology of the food waste, and the degradation sequence of the main components in food waste was protein→ lipid → starch. Moreover, the combined pretreatment reshaped the microbial community during the anaerobic digestion process by altering the characteristics of food waste, and the enrichment of Methanosaeta, a kind of acetotrophic methanogen, further enhanced the methane production.

The practical needs of specific regions in coordinating various ecosystem services could be effectively addressed through ecological zoning, guided by the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of these services, as well as their trade-offs/synergies. Sustainable development in the study area was promoted by formulating corresponding management strategies according to the specific ecological attributes of different ecosystem services. The identification of ecological functional zones based on the trade-offs/synergies of ecosystem services offers a precise and differentiated regulatory framework for ecological function restoration and management. Taking Anhui Province as an example, the InVEST model was employed to assess and analyze the spatial-temporal evolution and trade-offs/synergies of typical ecosystem services in the region from 2000 to 2020. Ecosystem service clusters were extracted through the SOM (Self-Organizing Map) model to define ecological functional zones. The PLUS model was then applied to simulate the evolution trend of integrated ecosystem services by 2050, leading to the proposal of regulatory strategies. Key findings include: ① From 2000 to 2020, water production services and soil conservation in Anhui Province showed continuous improvement, whereas carbon sequestration services, habitat quality, and food supply experienced a decline. The comprehensive ecosystem service index revealed a spatial pattern of "high in the south and low in the north". Approximately 50% of the study area was capable of providing two types of ecosystem services, while only about 11% of the area supported all ecological services. Areas unable to provide ecosystem services increased from 0.07% in 2000 to 4.85% in 2020. ② Strong synergistic effects were observed among water production, carbon sequestration, habitat quality, and soil conservation sevices. Conversely, a distinct trade-off was evident between the water production and food production services. ③ Based on this findings, four clusters of ecosystem services were identified: the food supply cluster, ecological conservation cluster, human living environment cluster, and forest protection cluster. Consequently, Anhui Province was divided into agricultural ecological zones, ecological conservation zones, urban development zones, and forest ecological protection zones, each with tailored regulatory strategies.④Multi-scenario simulation analyses revealed that under the ecological protection scenario, habitat quality and carbon sequestration services were optimized. Food production reached its peak under the arable land protection scenario. The ecological protection scenario showed significant improvements in overall ecosystem services. The research outcomes offer a scientific basis for promoting sustainable development and optimizing ecological environment in Anhui Province.

To efficiently remove nutrient salts in high salinity lakes, this study implemented a plant+microbial ditch at Daihai Lake. The nutrient removal efficiency, plant growth, and microbial community dynamics of this ecological ditch was investigated across different salinity gradients. Immobilizing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on polyurethane sponge within the ditch could significantly promote the growth of plant, enhance the activity of antioxidant stress-related enzymes, and strengthen the ability of plants to absorb and assimilate nutrients. Addiing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the ditch could not make it become the absolute dominant genus. but it could improve the microbial community structure, increase the abundance of functional microorganisms involved in nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and enhance the water purification capacity of the ditch. Compared to ecological ditches with plant-only or microorganism-only, the integrated ecological ditch could achieve higher nutrient removal rates across different salinity concentrations. Specifically, over 70% TN, NH₄⁺-N, TP, and CODCr could be removed in the integrated ditch at 15g/L salinity. Compared plant-only ditch, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) in plants were increased 33.7%, 43.6%, and 38.7%, respectively, in planted+microbial ditch at 15.0g/L salinity.

The novel PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO₂ nanofibrous membranes with a high performance in PM_2.5 removal and high-temperature filtration were developed in this study under co-electrospinning-electrospray strategy, with PVDF-HFP/TiO₂ as the functional layer and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the base membrane. According to the results, the PHT20nanofibrous membrane achieved an efficiency of 99.8% in capturing particulate matters, a low pressure drop of 67Pa, excellent air permeability, and high thermal stability (to 200℃). Moreover, the results of self-cleaning tests showed that the superhydrophobic surfaces of the PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO₂ nanofibrous membranes were resistant to dust particle contamination. To sum up, the multifunctional PPHT20 nanofibrous membrane developed in this study is an effective solution to dust removal at high temperatures.