To efficiently remove nutrient salts in high salinity lakes, this study implemented a plant+microbial ditch at Daihai Lake. The nutrient removal efficiency, plant growth, and microbial community dynamics of this ecological ditch was investigated across different salinity gradients. Immobilizing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on polyurethane sponge within the ditch could significantly promote the growth of plant, enhance the activity of antioxidant stress-related enzymes, and strengthen the ability of plants to absorb and assimilate nutrients. Addiing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the ditch could not make it become the absolute dominant genus. but it could improve the microbial community structure, increase the abundance of functional microorganisms involved in nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and enhance the water purification capacity of the ditch. Compared to ecological ditches with plant-only or microorganism-only, the integrated ecological ditch could achieve higher nutrient removal rates across different salinity concentrations. Specifically, over 70% TN, NH₄⁺-N, TP, and CODCr could be removed in the integrated ditch at 15g/L salinity. Compared plant-only ditch, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) in plants were increased 33.7%, 43.6%, and 38.7%, respectively, in planted+microbial ditch at 15.0g/L salinity.

This study investigated the susceptibility of karst groundwater from surface pollution. A typical karst spring system (the Chaoshuidong in Yichang, Hubei Province of China) was selected to analyze the contamination characteristics, sources, and transport processes of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Water, soil, and sediment samples were collected in four seasons for OCP analysis. The results showed that the average concentrations of OCPs in surface water, spring water, soil and sediment samples from Chaoshuidong system were 8.25ng/L, 5.11ng/L, 15.9ng/g and 12.6ng/g, respectively. OCPs concentrations in the Chaoshuidong system were relatively lower than in other regions, with seasonal fluctuations closely correlated to hydrogeological conditions and OCPs transport dynamics. Composition analysis of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs)indicated that HCHs were primarily from agricultural inputs of Lindane(γ-HCH) in the water and sediments, while the technical HCH dominated in the soils. DDTs were mainly a mixture of inputs from technical DDT and dicofol pesticide in all three media. The contribution of OCPs from the soils in the recharge area to the upstream surface water and to the spring water was 87.8% and 58.3%, respectively, and the contribution of OCPs from the spring water in the discharge area to the spring sediments was 64.2%. This study demonstrated that OCPs can be rapidly transported from recharge area to discharge area through two primary pathways: surface transport and underground transport, subsequently contaminating water bodies.

To evaluate the association and combined effects of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and mixtures on hyperuricemia (HUA) and identify key components, this study analyzed data from 2,564 subjects in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2013 to 2016 using logistic regression, weighted quantile sum regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression. Higher levels of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), n-perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (n-PFOA), and perfluoromethylheptane sulfonic acid isomers (Sm-PFOS) were positively associated with HUA when PFAS was exposed as a single source (P<0.05). When considered as mixture exposure, PFAS mixtures were positively associated with HUA overall, with a 39.6% increase in the risk of HUA for each quartile increase in PFAS mixtures (WQS index) (OR=1.396,95%CI: 1.180~1.651, P<0.001), and this association was only observed in the female population. n-PFOA and Sm-PFOS were identified as key components, while linear perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (n-PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) may be negatively associated with HUA in the mixture. Potential interactions between various PFAS were also observed. The research findings can provide the latest epidemiological evidence for the study of the association between PFAS exposure and the risk of hyperuricemia, offering a basis for screening key populations.

This paper is based on simulation data from the "SD-PLUS-InVEST" coupling model, a collaborative evaluation method of regional green expansion and economic growth was developed and carried out at both economic belts and provincial scales. Then, the future simulation features, potential difficulties and new quality policy of realizing the targeted coordinated development were analyzed and discussed from perspective of "economic belt-province and city". The results showed that the land use type in the Yangtze River Economic belt was dominated by forest land, and the overall carbon storage quality indicated a downward trend from 2000 to 2030. The carbon service values under the scenarios of the ecological protection, the high-quality development and the high-speed development scenario decreased by 5.88, 17.664 and 38.303 billion yuan, respectively. Based on the synergy assessment of ecological expansion benefits and economic growth benefits, the level of synergistic development under the high-quality development scenario was optimal. Spatially, there were obvious differences in the level of coordinated development to some extent. Based on the comparative analysis of the mentioned difference characteristics, the targeted policy was proposed to improve quality in the regional synergistic development of green expansion and economic growth.

Because of singlet oxygen (¹O₂)’s strong oxidation capability and environmental friendliness, understanding the mechanism of chlorine-mediated ¹O₂ generation in electrochemical processes can enhance wastewater treatment efficiency and minimize the side effects of active chlorine. Thus, electrochemical tests and treatment of Rhodamine B (RhB) simulated wastewater were used to assess the performance of Ir-Ta/Ti and Pt/Ti electrodes. The effects of different conditions (Cl^- concentration, chlorine evolution activity of electrodes, H₂O₂ addition, O₂ aeration) on electrochemical ¹O₂ generation were also explored. The results demonstrated that the ¹O₂-dominated electrochemical system can remove over 96% of RhB and shorten degradation pathways.Efficient ¹O₂ production depends on balancing hypochlorite (ClO^-) and hydroperoxyl (HO²_-) in the system, as an excess of either suppresses ¹O₂ generation. This study provides a theoretical framework for enhancing ¹O₂ generation under various conditions and the targeted preparation and modification of electrodes.

More than 100 volatile organic compounds (including 36 carcinogens) were identified in the clothing-mediated thirdhand smoke (THS) by using a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS). Significant differences were found in the component and amount for the THS released from different clothing material. Specifically, the amount of THS released from polyester was significantly lower than that released from cotton. Furthermore, the amount of THS released from clothing exponentially decreased as increasing time, and the decrease ratio was more than 80% after 30 minutes, suggesting that the clothing-mediated THS pollution could be reduced if the smokers stay outdoors for more than 30 minutes after smoking cigarettes. This study provided a useful method for the investigations of clothing-mediated THS pollution, deepening the understanding on the release characteristics of THS pollution from clothing, which should have great significance in reducing the THS exposure for non-smokers.

Monitoring and obtaining observation data of atmospheric anomia is of great significance for further reducing fine particles pollution. The study uses satellite remotely sensed Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) data to conduct research on the accounting method of atmospheric ammonia emission intensity and total ammonia in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, providing support for the remote sensing monitoring application of atmospheric ammonia and ammonia reduction.Spatial interpolation was performed on spatially discontinuous data to calculate the annual average emission intensity (YNH₃), seasonal average emission intensity (QNH₃), and monthly average emission intensity (MNH₃) of atmospheric ammonia, and to estimate the total amount of atmospheric ammonia (TNH₃). By doing so, the spatial distribution characteristics and temporal variation patterns of atmospheric ammonia in the study area were analyzed, and finally, the influencing factors of atmospheric ammonia emissions were further examined. The results showed that from 2014 to 2022, the daily average emission intensity of atmospheric ammonia in the study area was 7.99kg/km². The central part of the region was a high value area for YNH₃, and the five cities with low column concentrations and low increasing rates were mainly distributed in northern Hebei and southern Henan. The eight cities with low column concentrations but high increasing rates were distributed in southwestern Henan, central Hebei, and Jiaodong Peninsula. The nineteen cities with high column concentrations but low increasing rates and sixteen cities with high column concentrations and high increasing rates were distributed in the central region and the surrounding of the Bohai Sea. Over the past 9 years, both YNH₃ and TNH₃ have shown an increasing trend, with YNH₃ in the study area growing from 5.89kg/km² to 9.20kg/km², with a compound annual growth rate of 5.73%; TNH₃ increased from 1169kt to 1825kt. In terms of temporal distribution, QNH₃ exhibited periodic changes, with summer being the peak season for QNH₃ and July being the peak month for MNH₃. TNH₃ had a high correlation with arable land and population, and their spatial distributions were highly consistent with each other, indicating that farming and population are important influencing factors of ammonia emissions in the study area. Random Forest analysis showed that agricultural and living sources were the most significant reduction factors of ammonia emission. This study demonstrated that remote sensing monitoring of atmospheric ammonia can offer data support for air quality monitoring operations.

Based on the second level sounding data and routine environmental meteorological monitoring data from four regions(Chengdu, Yibin, Dazhou, and Chongqing) of the Sichuan Basin, during the winter of 2014~2017, combined with Mie scattering liDAR detection data in Chengdu during the same period, the boundary layer structure was identified by atmospheric extinction coefficient profile, and the evolution characteristics and pollution effects of atmospheric boundary layer inversion during haze weather were investigated. The results indicated that: Surface Layer Inversion (SLI), Mixed Layer Inversion (MLI), and Aerosol Boundary Layer Inversion (ABI) represented the three fundamental forms of boundary layer inversion. They showed a gradually weakened trend from bottom up and mark spatial variation among different regions. With the evolution of haze events from the formation phase to the persistence phase, the frequency of the three-layer inversions significantly increased. In the process, the intensity and thickness of SLI gradually decreased. However, the intensity and thickness of MLI exhibited quite opposite trend. In the meantime, the base height of MLI also decreased. The intensity and thickness of ABI fluctuated all the time. The coexistence and co-evolution of SLI and MLI not only strongly inhibited the vertical dispersion of ground pollutants, but also contributed to the increased near-surface humidity, which in turn induced the accumulation of particulate matter at the surface and enhanced aerosol hygroscopic properties, thereby reducing ground-level visibility. The above results revealed complex evolutionary patterns of boundary layer inversion during haze episodes in the Sichuan Basin from a new perspective and lay the foundation for integrated studies on the tropospheric lower-level inversion.

In response to issues identified in the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission inventory for Guangdong Province—including time-lag, unclear source classification, and ambiguous emission trends—a refined PAHs emission factor library for anthropogenic sources was established through comprehensive literature research. A high-resolution, bottom-up PAHs emission inventory of 16PAH compounds for Guangdong Province covering 2006~2020 was developed using the emission factor method, providing insights into principal emission species, key sources, and the spatiotemporal evolution of emissions. The findings were as follows: From 2006 to 2020, anthropogenic PAHs emissions in Guangdong Province showed an overall decline of 45%, with the contribution of carcinogenic PAHs reducing from 60% to 29%. Naphthalene (Nap), benzo[g,h,i]perylene (Bghip), and phenanthrene(Phe) emerged as the primary PAH species, contributing on average 23%, 10%, and 9% to total PAHs emissions, respectively. As national standards for diesel vehicles and motorcycles tightened, yellow-label vehicles were eliminated, and policies like the prohibition on straw burning were enacted, the primary sources of PAHs emissions shifted from motorcycles, diesel vehicles, and biomass burning to industrial coal combustion, coking, and household combustion. Spatial analysis indicated that line-source emissions (primarily from motorcycles and diesel vehicles) decreased significantly, while point-source emissions from industrial sources increased across several regions. Considering population health risks and the need for targeted PAHs emission controls in densely populated areas, the study recommends enhanced regulation of PAHs from industrial coal combustion and coking industries. This study provides critical scientific support for Guangdong Province′s PAHs emission control strategies, with a focus on public health outcomes.

Based on the ground-level ozone (O₃) data from provincial air quality stations and tropospheric HCHO and NO₂ column concentration data from TROPOMI, the spatial and temporal distributions, variation trends and precursor sensitivity of O₃ pollution in Hubei Province from 2019 to 2023 were studied by using the indicator method of O₃ generation sensitivity. The results showed that the concentration of O₃ columns in Hubei Province presented an overall upward trend. For the seasonal variations, the concentrations of O₃ and HCHO were higher in summer and lower in winter, while NO₂ was the opposite. For the spatial distributions, the concentration of O₃ column increased gradually from south to north, and the concentration of NO₂ and HCHO column increased in a stepwise manner from west to east. Through analyzing the spatial distributions of controlling factors for O₃, we found that O₃ generation in most areas of Hubei Province was controlled by NO_x from June to September, and only a small area was controlled by NO_x. Wuhan and its surrounding urban areas in eastern Hubei Province belong to the VOCs-control area, the western Hubei region mainly belongs to the NO_x-control area, the rest of the areas mostly belong to NO_x-VOCs collaborative-control area.After 2019, O₃ generation in eastern Hubei Province has changed from VOCs-control area to NO_x-VOCs collaborative control area.