In order to study the emission characteristics of VOCs from the electronics-manufacturing industry and associated health risk assessment, ten typical electronics enterprises were selected to carry out sample collection and VOCs detection. Moreover, the impacts of VOCs on human health were evaluated by the US EPA and ACGIH methods. The results showed that: The concentrations of VOCs emitted from different types of electronic enterprises exhaust gas were different. The VOCs concentrations in the semiconductor devise and electronic terminal product were relatively higher than those in the display device and printed circuit board, and the VOCs concentrations were 13.41~13.63, 3.34~86.11, 7.86~9.75 and 4.31~4.67mg/m³, respectively. The main organic group in semiconductor devise exhaust gas was alkanes (70.56%~70.78%), and dimethylpentane (32.03%~33.60%) was the main VOCs species. The main organic group in display device exhaust gas and printed circuit board exhaust gas were both OVOCs, accounting for 93.48%~95.87% and 92.27%~93.05%, respectively. Additionally, the highest mass fraction were acetone (91.89%~94.99%) and isopropanol (80.36%~83.07%) in display device and printed circuit board. Due to the different production products, VOCs components were different in the electronic terminal product, but mainly OVOCs, aromatics and alkanes. The coefficient of divergence between different enterprises was 0.67~0.91, indicating that VOCs source profiles must not be similar. Total hazard ratio for non-cancer risk in semiconductor devise was the highest (484.35), followed by display device (447.46), electronic terminal product (11.74~87.35) and printed circuit boards (2.25), suggesting long-term exposure of various electronic industries would cause non-cancer health hazards. The LCRs from semiconductor devise (1.63×10^-3) and electronic terminal product (1.64×10^-4~5.16×10^-3) were much higher, suggesting that these enterprises have a certain cancer risk. The LCRs from display device and printed circuit board were 1.74×10^-5 and 1.40×10^-5, indicating that these enterprises have a high probability cancer risk. The total E_i from electronic terminal product was the highest, while that from display device was the lowest. However, the E_i in different electronics industries were lower than 0.1, indicating that VOCs emitted from these industries may not generate many harmful effects to the workers. The results of the cancer risk assessment using the EPA and ACGIH methods vary significantly. This is mainly because two methods have different limiting indicators for the reference concentration of VOCs species exposure. But on the whole, the health risks from VOCs emitted in the electronic terminal product and semiconductor devise were much higher than in the other two industries. Therefore, to ensure the safety of workers, measures for controlling VOCs should be strengthened.

This study mainly compared the emission characteristics of N₂O in two typical wastewater treatment processes, SBR and AAO, and analyzed the mechanisms that cause the differences.. The results indicated that according to the total nitrogen removal efficiency of the SBR process, the N₂O emission factor (EF) was 2.36%, which is 1.92 times higher than that of the AAO process. The aerobic phase was identified as the primary stage for N₂O production in both processes, accounting for over 90% of the total N₂O generated. Compared to the continuously AAO process, the sequencing SBR process exhibited a longer duration of low DO conditions. A sudden increase in NH₄⁺-N concentration o and a high accumulation of NO₂^--N ccurred at the onset of the aerobic phase. Analysis of the microbial community structure and enzyme activity revealed that SBR process had a higher ratio of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) to nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and a higher nitrite reductase (NOR) activity, which were 1.7 and 1.4 times those of the AAO process, respectively. This further facilitated the production of more N₂O through the AOB-mediated nitrification-denitrification pathway during the aerobic phase, which is the intrinsic mechanism for the high N₂O emission factor of the SBR process.

This study was aimed to rapidly remediate the cracked contaminant containment and carrying structure (3C structure) and carrying structure by composite contaminant containment and carrying structure (4C structure) in operating plant. To assess the effectiveness of the 4C structure, both field and laboratory tests were performed. Field tests included elevation monitoring, rebound modulus testing, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentration detection, while laboratory tests focused on determining the compressive strength and permeability coefficient of the core samples. The results indicated that the injected polymers exert a compressive force on the surface layer of 4C structure, which reduces the elevation variance by 71.4%, thereby markedly enhancing its flatness. Additionally, regarding the 14 filed test points on the surface layer with an average crack width of 7.5mm, the rebound modulus (E) values at 42.9% of these test points achieved over 80% of E value measured within the uncracked control area. The axial compressive strength of core samples from these points increased by 0.38 times, and the penetration resistance of the base soil layer increased by 21.3%. These results suggested a significant improvement in the load-carrying performance of 4C structure compared with the cracked 3C structure. Furthermore, the permeability coefficient of the core samples was reduced by approximately 2orders of magnitude, and the VOCs concentration in the sampling holes decreased by 80%. This demonstrated the contaminant containment performance of 4C structure was also significantly improved. This research provided an innovative method to assess and improve the service performance of cracked contaminant containment and carrying structure in operating plant.

Achieving anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) in low ammonia nitrogen wastewater represents a significant challenge for municipal wastewater treatment plants. This study employed a mainstream Anammox continuous-flow oxygen-limited biofilm system (DO: 0.4~0.7mg/L) and investigated the nitrogen removal performance for treating simulated domestic sewage with low ammonia nitrogen content under different influent carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios (C/N: 2~5). Long-term experimental results indicated that a C/N ratio of 3.5~4.5 achieved over 85% total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency. There was a positive correlation between activity of Anammox bacteria (SAA) and the nitrogen removal efficiency, with the highest SAA observed at a C/N ratio of 4. Additionally, the C/N ratio significantly influenced the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) composition of the biofilm, with the highest protein-to-polysaccharide ratio (PN/PS) and most stable biofilm structure observed at C/N:4. Metagenomic analysis identified Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis and Candidatus Brocadia sinica as the dominant species, with relative abundances of 21.5% and 4.7%, respectively. A diverse microbial community, including complete ammonia oxidizers (Comammox), and heterotrophic denitrifiers, contributed to microbial community structure in the system. Nitrogen metabolic analysis further uncovered the involvement of partial denitrification genes (HZS、hdh) and Anammox genes (HZS、hdh) in nitrogen removal processes, thus ensuring stable and efficient mainstream nitrogen removal. Research findings are expected to provide a novel option of mainstream anammox-based nitrogen removal process for wastewater treatment plants.

In advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on peroxymonosulfate (PMS), efficient activation and utilization of PMS was considered to be an important goal for the removal of organic pollutants. The piezoelectric effect driven by water flow was introduced into PMS activation in this study, using the prepared MoS₂/PVDF membrane as a piezoelectric membrane to remove tetracycline (TC) from water. The degradation efficiency of TC by MoS₂/PVDF membrane was 77.9% within 60min was showed in the results, with a reaction rate constant of 0.0231min^-1, which was higher than that of MoS₂ (0.0135min^-1) and PVDF (0.0085min^-1). Sacrificial agent experiments combined with LC-MS were used to explore the intermediates of the TC degradation process and analyze the reaction mechanism. In cycling experiments, the excellent reusability and recyclability was exhibited in MoS₂/PVDF membranes. These results indicated that under the mechanical vortex force of water flow, MoS₂/PVDF membrane can trigger piezoelectric potential and generate abundant free electrons to activate PMS, thereby producing various active substances to degrade organic pollutants.

In order to explore the characteristics and influencing factors of nitrogen export at the watershed scale during storm events, this study carried out water quality and quantity monitoring of six typical storm events in the Fengyu River Watershed in the upper subbasin of Erhai Lake in Basin 2022 and 2023. The changes of nitrogen export during rainfall-runoff process and the influence mechanism of rainfall intensity, duration, flow and other factors on nitrogen load were investigated. The results indicated that it was more likely to cause larger rainfall runoff when the antecedent soil moisture was highter in the early stage of rainfall event. A large fluctuation of nitrogen concentration was observed when the rainfall intensity reached heavy rain (level 3), indicating that the loss of nitrogen is affected by the rainfall intensity. The analysis of different stages of rainfall events showed that nitrogen was mainly lost in the late stage of the event, accounting for about 62.25%~78.77% of nitrogen load during the whole event, but the amount of nitrogen loss per unit time was large in the early stage of rainfall. For heavy and extreme events, the proportion of nitrogen loss in the middle period was more than 50% of nitrogen load during the whole event, and the nitrogen loss per unit time was the largest in the middle period of the event. Redundancy analysis of rainfall-runoff process and nitrogen loss factors showed that nitrogen concentration change and load export were mainly positively correlated with Antecedent Precipitation Index (API), followed by average rainfall intensity (RI), maximum 30-minute rainfall (I30) and peak flow (FP). Among them, ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N) were significantly correlated with total discharge (FA), duration of rainfall (RT), and total rainfall (RA). However, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) has a greater correlation with API and a weaker or negative correlation with other factors.

The development of the heart in zebrafish embryos was examined after exposure to different concentrations of thiabendazole (TBZ) solution (0.06, 0.6, and 6mg/L). The levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the expression of genes related to cardiac development were assessed. The results indicated that exposure to the high concentration of TBZ (6mg/L) caused severe cardiotoxicity, including pericardial edema and a reduced heart rate in zebrafish embryos. This concentration also induced significant oxidative stress in the heart, leading to a large number of apoptotic cells and marked changes in the expression of cardiac development-related genes (gate4, nppa, sox9b, vmhc), as well as apoptosis-related genes (bcl2, bax, puma, p53). These findings suggested that TBZ induced cardiotoxicity by disrupting the normal expression of genes involved in cardiac development, generating oxidative stress, and triggering apoptosis.

The effects of PM_2.5 and its constituents (SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, NH₄⁺, OM, BC) on fasting blood glucose and lipid levels in the short-term were examined in the “Jinchang Cohort”. The daily average concentrations of PM_2.5 and its constituents from 2010to 2015 in Jinchang City were sourced from China's Near Real-Time Air Pollutants dataset. Individual exposure was determined by matching the study subjects' residential addresses with pollution data. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the short-term effects of PM_2.5 and its constituents on glucose and lipid indicators. Generalized additive mixed models were used to create exposure-response curves and perform stratified analyses. The findings showed that PM_2.5 and its constituents had delayed effects on blood glucose and lipid levels. Specifically, higher concentrations of PM_2.5, SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, NH₄⁺, and OM correlated with increased levels of FPG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C, while TG showed a decrease. PM_2.5 and SO₄^2- exhibited more pronounced effects on fasting blood glucose levels in males, whereas PM_2.5 and its five components had more significant impacts on lipid levels in females, individuals aged 60 years or older, those who are overweight or obese, individuals in prediabetic stages, and those with hypertension. Therefore, short-term exposure to PM_2.5 and its components correlates with abnormal blood glucose and lipid levels in the population. Thus, various high-risk groups should adopt self-protection measures accordingly.

Water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers were utilized as the adhesive layer, and a steam atomization method was employed as a substitute for high-temperature treatment to fabricate PET/PPS nanofiber membrane composite filters through a circular roller stretching and pressing technique. The performance of the composite filters was characterized. The results indicated that the adhesion strength of the PET/PPS nanofiber membrane composite filter reached a maximum of 4.521N when the pressure was set at 0.436N/cm², the PVA spinning amount was 42.857mL/m², and the processing temperature during the pressurization was maintained at 20℃. The filtration efficiency for fine particulate matter with a diameter of 0.3µm achieved 98.86%. In dynamic filtration performance tests, after 30 cycles of constant pressure blowing, the time required for a single cycle was recorded as 13.5minutes, with a residual resistance of 265.4Pa, which outperformed existing PTFE-coated filter materials.

Passive convergence-permeable reactive barrier (PC-PRB) is an eco-friendly and sustainable in-situ groundwater remediation technology. Based on mathematical models of groundwater flow and contaminant transport, this study innovatively proposed a grid self-adaptive refinement algorithm and developed a contaminant convection-diffusion numerical simulation software PRB-Trans. Utilizing PRB-Trans, the impact of the decompression convergence process on the contaminant capture performance of PC-PRB was analyzed. Under given simulation contaminant source conditions, compared with the continuous permeable reactive barrier (C-PRB), the required PRB length (L_PRB) and PRB height (H_PRB) of PC-PRB were reduced by 40.0% and 70.0%, respectively. The PC-PRB's planar and cross-sectional contaminant treatment efficiencies were increased by 102.9% and 348.3%, respectively. The results of the investigation of influencing factors show that with the increase of the drainage pipe length (L_p), the required L_PRB and H_PRB of PC-PRB decreased, but the reduction rate gradually decreased. Simultaneously, the PRB thickness (H_PRB) increased significantly, leading to an increase in the PRB filler volume. To avoid this situation, it is recommended that the L_p/L_PRB ratio is less than 2. In addition, due to the mixing and matching function of the decompression convergence wells and the uniform water distribution function of the buffer layer, PC-PRB can effectively solve the problems of low filler utilization rate and local breakthrough of C-PRB, demonstrating its application potential in the field of groundwater remediation.