In this study, Jiangmen City was selected as a case study to investigate the characteristics and causes of heavy ozone（O₃）pollution days. Positive Matrix Factorization（PMF）and an observation-based model coupled with the CB06chemical mechanism（OBM-CB06）were employed as the analytical methods, integrating pollutant concentrations, meteorological data, photolysis data, and volatile organic compound（VOC）concentrations. The findings showed that heavy ozone pollution in Jiangmen resulted primarily from the early morning accumulation of precursors due to meteorological conditions, followed by enhanced photochemical reactions and poor dispersion after the O₃ concentration peaked. Notably, early morning concentrations of nitrogen oxides（NO_x）and carbon monoxide（CO）in Jiangmen were significantly higher than those in surrounding cities. VOCs source apportionment revealed that mobile sources（29.91% to 31.25%）and liquefied petroleum gas（LPG）usage（28.8% to 30.73%）were the major contributors. O₃ sensitivity analysis demonstrated that O₃ formation in Jiangmen was predominantly NO_x-sensitive under heavy pollution conditions. A 20% reduction in NO_x could effectively prevent heavy pollution, while a further 60% reduction might keep O₃ concentrations within the mild pollution range. The relative incremental reactivity（RIR）of precursors also highlighted the importance of NO_x control during heavy pollution days, as NO_x exhibited the highest RIR values（0.95~0.99）. O₃ budget analysis revealed regional influences. Except at year-end, when stringent control measures effectively reduced regional impacts on heavy pollution days, heavy pollution episodes in other periods were largely influenced by upwind areas, particularly the central PRD region（e.g., Guangzhou-Foshan）. Moreover, the regional contribution generally increased significantly after 15:00 on heavy pollution days, exceeding 60%. To mitigate heavy O₃ pollution in Jiangmen, stricter control of NO_x and other precursor emissions should be enforced. Furthermore, coordinated regional prevention and control measures should be implemented in collaboration with upwind cities, such as Foshan, Zhongshan, and Guangzhou.

In this study, fly ash, blast furnace slag, desulfurization gypsum, sludge, straw, and sawdust were utilized as raw materials. These materials were mixed at varying ratios, and Solanum nigrum was selected as the experimental plant for indoor pot trials. Farmland soil and contaminated soil from a metal mining wasteland were employed as controls. Variance analysis and Mantel tests were employed to analyze the effects of substrate ratios on Solanum nigrum growth characteristics, physicochemical properties of reconstructed soil, and relationships between substrate materials. A minimum dataset（MDS）for soil quality evaluation and entropy-weighted TOPSIS were applied to identify optimal substrate ratios. The results demonstrated that reconstructed soils formed by different solid waste ratios exhibited loose textures and enhanced water retention. Organic matter content was measured within a range of 39.01~70.03g/kg. All solid waste-based reconstructed soils were found to support Solanum nigrum growth, with biomass ranging from 0.11 to 3.18g/pot. A minimum dataset for soil quality assessment was established based on four critical indicators: chlorophyll content, plant height, pH, and water stability of 0.5~1mm aggregates. Subsequently, the entropy-weighted TOPSIS model was applied to systematically evaluate the comprehensive quality of the reconstructed soils. The optimal combination ratio, identified as fly ash: blast furnace slag : desulfurization gypsum : sludge : straw at a mass ratio of 4:2:1:1:2, demonstrated superior performance in both plant growth and soil functionality.

Using Taihu algal mud as the research subject, two common flocculants, polymeric ferric sulfate（PFS）and polyacrylamide（PAM）, were selected to prepare different hydrochars at 180°C, 220°C, and 260°C. The results demonstrated that as the hydrothermal temperature increased, the carbon content in the algal mud hydrochar increased, while the hydrogen and nitrogen contents decreased. Decarboxylation and hydrolysis reactions were identified as the dominant processes during the hydrothermal conversion. The incorporation of PFS significantly enhanced the iron content in the hydrochar by 519.6% to 748.3%, and the rise in hydrothermal temperature facilitated the transformation of iron from Fe（III）to Fe（II）, thereby improving its reducibility. PAM exhibited degradation at lower temperatures, generating oxygen-containing functional groups, while PFS promoted the degradation and carbonization of organic matter. The hydrochar prepared at 180°C showed higher nutrient retention. Rice cultivation experiments indicated that the application of algal mud-based hydrochar did not adversely affect rice growth；notably, PAM-based hydrochars increased rice plant biomass by 9.0%. Based on field survey data, it was estimated that converting Taihu algal mud into hydrochar could annually recover 3077.7 tons of total nitrogen and 776.7 tons of total phosphorus. The recovered total phosphorus accounted for 43.1% of the external phosphorus load input into Taihu Lake.

A laboratory-scale AnMBR was established to investigate the methanogenic performance, organic matter removal efficiency, membrane fouling behavior, as well as the material flow and energy conservation and emission reduction under the optimal operating conditions during the treatment of methylamine wastewater. The results showed that as hydraulic retention time（HRT）decreased from 36h to 8h, average methane yield rose from 0.231L CH₄/g COD to 0.287L CH₄/g COD. COD removal was stable above 95%, methylamine removal hit 100%. But at 6h HRT, methylamine removal was only 44.3%, reactor performance dropped, and methane yield fell to 0.094L CH₄/g COD. Membrane flux rose from 1LMH to 6LMH, transmembrane pressure（TMP）growth was slow. At 12h HRT, long operation made TMP exceed 20kPa. After replacing the membrane module, analysis show irreversible fouling inside, relate to microbial extracellular polymers. Considering comprehensively the methanogenic performance and the growth rate of TMP in each stage, the optimal operating condition is determined as HRT=8h. More than 80% of the influent COD is converted into methane, the generated bioenergy is significantly higher than the power consumption of the system operation, the net energy potential reaches 4.142kW·h/m³, and it can reduce carbon emissions by 2.239kg CO₂/m³.

Coke powder（CP）, a coking byproduct, was employed as an adsorbent to investigate the adsorption performance and mechanisms toward polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）substituted with different functional groups—naphthalene, naphthol, and naphthoic acid. The potential of CP for removing PAHs from wastewater was further evaluated through systematic analyses. Adsorption performance tests demonstrated removal efficiencies of 97.4%, 86.6%, and 76.8% for naphthalene, naphthol, and naphthoic acid, respectively, within 120 min, with pseudo-second-order kinetic rate constants of 0.680, 0.532, and 0.183g/（mg⋅min）. The maximum adsorption capacities followed the order: naphthalene（23.8mg/g）>naphthol（8.04mg/g）>naphthoic acid（3.94 mg/g）. While pH exhibited minimal effects on the adsorption of naphthalene and naphthol, naphthoic acid adsorption was significantly enhanced under acidic conditions compared to neutral or alkaline environments. Results of FTIR, XPS, DRUV-Vis spectroscopy, and DFT calculation revealed that the adsorption of naphthalene on CP was multilayered, primarily driven by hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals forces, and π-π electron donor-acceptor（EDA）interactions. In contrast, the adsorption of naphthol and naphthoic acid involved monolayer chemisorption, attributed to strong π donors and the π-π EDA interactions with the polarized electron-depleted regions on the CP surface. The hydrophilic nature of the hydroxyl group in naphthol reduced the saturation adsorption capacity. While electrostatic repulsion between naphthoic acid and CP weakened the π-π EDA interaction, resulting in a slightly lower adsorption capacity.

High-concentration areas of soil heavy metals exist in ecological functional protection zones of Southwest China. To investigate their potential pollution risks and influencing factors, this study selected soils in the Xuanwei region of Yunnan Province as the research subject. Combining geographical, geological, and anthropogenic activity data, the content characteristics of eight heavy metal elements were analyzed in 1487 surface soil samples and 374 deep soil samples. The geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index were used to assess the potential pollution risks of surface soils, while principal component analysis（PCA）and geographical detector methods were employed to identify influencing factors. The results revealed that heavy metals in both surface and deep soils were enriched compared to the A-layer and C-layer background values of Chinese soils. Most heavy metals also exhibited enrichment relative to the A-layer and C-layer background values of Yunnan Province. Cd, Hg, and Pb posed relatively high potential pollution risks, whereas Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, and As showed lower risks. The main influencing factors for heavy metal enrichment included geological background, clay minerals, organic matter, mining activities, and topography. Synergistic effects of multiple factors could exacerbate heavy metal enrichment, while pH, CaO, Light（light index）, and WIG exhibited minimal impacts.

The Taihangshan-Yanshan region serves as a crucial ecological barrier for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area. Investigating the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation growth and their influencing factors holds significant importance for implementing ecological conservation and restoration decisions. The MOD13A2.061NDVI dataset was obtained through the Google Earth Engine（GEE）platform, and the kernel Normalized Difference Vegetation Index（kNDVI）was further calculated. The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of vegetation cover was analyzed using the Theil-Sen Median method, coefficient of variation method, and Hurst index method. Subsequently, the optimal parameter geographical detector（OPGD）method was employed to identify the multivariate driving mechanisms behind its spatiotemporal differentiation. Results demonstrated that: From 2001 to 2020, the kNDVI in the study area showed a gradual increasing trend during spring, summer, and autumn, while exhibiting a decreasing trend in winter. The annual mean kNDVI displayed a spatial distribution pattern characterized by "higher values in northern and southern regions, lower in central areas", with significant spatial variability. The area with increased kNDVI（66.36%）was larger than that with decreased kNDVI（33.64%）. Weak anti-persistence and weak positive persistence coexisted, collectively accounting for 99.26% of the total area. Approximately 80% of the region maintained kNDVI fluctuations at moderate or lower levels. OPGD analysis revealed that the primary drivers of kNDVI changes included evapotranspiration, land surface temperature, land use type, soil type, and vegetation type（all with q-values greater than 0.20）. The interaction effects between land surface temperature and annual average temperature, and between land surface temperature and cumulative precipitation demonstrated particularly strong explanatory power, exceeding 0.50 and 0.47 respectively. Higher kNDVI values were observed when evapotranspiration ranged within（634mm, 814mm], land surface temperature fell within [5.2°C, 11.2°C], and urban population remained in（216000, 280000）.

This study utilized natural red clay（RC）and 700°C calcined red clay（CRC-700）to form treatment groups combined with submerged macrophytes Vallisneria spiralis（VS）and Ceratophyllum demersum（CD）, aiming to develop a treatment technology effective in controlling sedimentary phosphorus（P）release. The results demonstrated that the VS+CRC-700 treatment group exhibited superior performance in reducing and removing sedimentary P compared to other treatments. Specifically, dissolved reactive phosphorus（SRP）in the overlying water of the VS+CRC-700 group was significantly reduced from 1.38 mg/L to 0.024 mg/L compared to the control group. Additionally, the concentrations of Fe（II）-P and iron-aluminum bound phosphorus（CDB-P）in different sediment layers were maximally decreased by 94 and 488.03 mg/kg, respectively. Meanwhile, the VS+CRC-700 treatment markedly enhanced P immobilization in sediments, with Ca-P content increasing by up to 182.78mg/kg across sediment layers. Furthermore, microbial community analysis revealed that VS+CRC-700 increased sediment microbial abundance by 5403 units, while reducing the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes by 16.56% and 33.33%, respectively. These findings collectively suggest that VS+CRC-700 represents a cost-effective and high-efficiency technology for improving water quality in P-polluted systems. Its application demonstrates significant potential in controlling sedimentary P release under weak hydrodynamic conditions.

This paper studied the characteristics and formation mechanisms of local photochemical pollution in Beijing during summer. Firstly, based on the meteorological observations, we obtained four typical meteorological clusters（M1~M4）based on the meteorological observations by using the K-means clustering algorithm and found the significant O₃ pollution difference among M1~M4. Then, under 2021 emissions of this city, we further simulated the local photochemical evolution of Beijing urban plumes respectively for four meteorological clusters, via a 0-D box model with the MCM（v3.3.1）. The simulation results showed the daytime-averaged net O₃ production rate was 7.91×10^-9（M1）, 7.58×10^-9（M2）, 7.18×10^-9（M3）, 3.55×10^-9（M4）·h^-1, but O₃ formation & loss pathways were very similar. O₃ formation was in the VOCs-limited regime, but its sensitivity to VOCs apparently decreased from M1 to M4. However, the simulated HCHO and CH₃CHO had a little differences between various meteorological conditions, as well as their production rates and formation & loss pathways. The linear response of HCHO to VOCs indicated it could be as the good tracer for VOCs level. Finally, we calculated the O₃ increment reactivity（IR）of 65 VOCs species for each meteorological cluster, and found the differences in IR between low-reactivity and high-reactivity VOCs became significantly smaller under the M1 compared to M4, implying the importance of strengthening the control of low-reactivity components VOCs in on O₃ pollution days.

Based on the methodology of life cycle assessment（LCA）, the carbon footprint of the typical wind power system with generation and electricity storage（WPSGES）in China was calculated, so as to identify the reduction potential of carbon emission from life cycle stages. The results showed that the carbon footprint of WPSGES was 8.44gCO₂/（kW·h）, which mainly came from the manufacturing process by 6.25gCO₂/（kW·h）（74.05%）. Such processes as construction, operation, and end of life only contributed 1.04, 1.91 and -0.74gCO₂/（kW·h）, respectively. It was also confirmed that expanding the system boundary, including power generation and storage, could reduce gross carbon footprint of WPSGES.