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Effects of polyferric sulfate and polyacrylamide on algal mud-based hydrochar and their application potential
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Yi-meng WANG1, 2, Yun-yi LIANG2, 3, Bing-fa CHEN2, Ya-xin MA1, 2, Zi-yu ZHOU1, Shi-ying HE2, Hui-fang XIE1, *, Li-hong XUE2, Yan-fang FENG2, **
China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(5) : 2587 - 2597
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China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(5): 2587-2597
• Solid Waste •
Effects of polyferric sulfate and polyacrylamide on algal mud-based hydrochar and their application potential
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Yi-meng WANG1, 2, Yun-yi LIANG2, 3, Bing-fa CHEN2, Ya-xin MA1, 2, Zi-yu ZHOU1, Shi-ying HE2, Hui-fang XIE1, *, Li-hong XUE2, Yan-fang FENG2, **
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, National Agricultural Experiment Station for Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
  • 3.Material Science and Engineering College, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
Published: 2025-05-20
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Using Taihu algal mud as the research subject, two common flocculants, polymeric ferric sulfate（PFS）and polyacrylamide（PAM）, were selected to prepare different hydrochars at 180°C, 220°C, and 260°C. The results demonstrated that as the hydrothermal temperature increased, the carbon content in the algal mud hydrochar increased, while the hydrogen and nitrogen contents decreased. Decarboxylation and hydrolysis reactions were identified as the dominant processes during the hydrothermal conversion. The incorporation of PFS significantly enhanced the iron content in the hydrochar by 519.6% to 748.3%, and the rise in hydrothermal temperature facilitated the transformation of iron from Fe（III）to Fe（II）, thereby improving its reducibility. PAM exhibited degradation at lower temperatures, generating oxygen-containing functional groups, while PFS promoted the degradation and carbonization of organic matter. The hydrochar prepared at 180°C showed higher nutrient retention. Rice cultivation experiments indicated that the application of algal mud-based hydrochar did not adversely affect rice growth；notably, PAM-based hydrochars increased rice plant biomass by 9.0%. Based on field survey data, it was estimated that converting Taihu algal mud into hydrochar could annually recover 3077.7 tons of total nitrogen and 776.7 tons of total phosphorus. The recovered total phosphorus accounted for 43.1% of the external phosphorus load input into Taihu Lake.

hydrothermal carbonization  /  flocculant  /  Taihu algae mud  /  nutrient conversion  /  paddy field application
Yi-meng WANG, Yun-yi LIANG, Bing-fa CHEN, Ya-xin MA, Zi-yu ZHOU, Shi-ying HE, Hui-fang XIE, Li-hong XUE, Yan-fang FENG. Effects of polyferric sulfate and polyacrylamide on algal mud-based hydrochar and their application potential[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (5) : 2587 -2597 .
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Year 2025 volume 45 Issue 5
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Article Info
  • Receive Date：2024-10-10
  • Online Date：2026-03-18
  • Published：2025-05-20
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  • Received：2024-10-10
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Affiliations
    1.School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, National Agricultural Experiment Station for Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
    3.Material Science and Engineering College, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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