To understand the characteristics of air pollution and the associated population health risks during the heating season (October 15 to April 15 of the following year) and the non-heating season (April 16 to October 14 of the following year) in Hohhot city, Inner Mongolia, from 2017 to 2022, and to provide a reference for the development of scientific environmental protection policies in this region.

Data on monitored pollutants during the heating and non-heating seasons from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2022, were collected from the Hohhot Ecological Environment Monitoring Station. Time series plots of pollutants were generated, and health risk values were calculated using the model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to assess the health risks posed by air pollutants to the population.

From 2017 to 2022, there were 1 099 days in the heating season and 1 092 days in the non-heating season in Hohhot city. The exceedance rates of inhalable particulate matter (PM₁₀), fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and 8-hour ozone (O_{3-8 h}) concentrations during the heating and non-heating seasons were 16.7% and 4.0%, 18.4% and 1.1%, 0 and 0, 2.2% and 0.1%, 0.1% and 0, and 0 and 12.5%, respectively. Compared with the non-heating season, the exceedance rates of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and NO₂ were higher during the heating season, while the exceedance rate of O_{3-8 h} was lower during the heating season (all P<0.001). From 2017 to 2022, the annual average mass concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂, NO₂, and CO during both the heating and non-heating seasons showed a downward trend (all P<0.001). The annual average mass concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂, NO₂, and CO were higher during the heating season than during the non-heating season for each year, while the annual average mass concentration of O_{3-8 h} was lower during the heating season (all P<0.001). Time series plots showed that the daily average concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂, NO₂, and CO in Hohhot city from 2017 to 2022 were higher during the heating season than during the non-heating season, while the daily average concentration of O_{3-8 h} was lower during the heating season. Comparison of the daily average concentrations of air pollutants between the heating and non-heating seasons also showed that the daily average concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂, NO₂, and CO were higher during the heating season than during the non-heating season for each year from 2017 to 2022, while the daily average concentration of O_{3-8 h} was lower during the heating season; these differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.001). From 2017 to 2022, the non-carcinogenic risk value of PM₁₀ was > 1×10^–6 during both the heating and non-heating seasons in Hohhot city. The non-carcinogenic risk value of PM_2.5 was > 1×10^–6 during the heating season and <1×10^–6 during the non-heating season. The non-carcinogenic risk values of SO₂ and NO₂ were <1×10^–6 during both the heating and non-heating seasons.

From 2017 to 2022, air pollution in Hohhot city was more severe during the heating season than during the non-heating season. PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 pollution was particularly serious in this region, posing potential risks to human health.

To develop a mask suitability correlation model based on facial features extracted from facial images using facial recognition technology, enabling rapid mask recommendations for users and reducing infection risk.

Frontal facial photographs of volunteers were collected, and mask sealing performance tests were conducted to obtain facial feature dimensions and mask suitability data. Dimensionality reduction and clustering were applied to the facial feature data, and a correlation model was established between facial clusters and mask sealing performance data. This model facilitates rapid mask recommendations based on facial images.

Facial image data from 245 volunteers were collected. Each volunteer randomly selected 2–3 masks from five common types for sealing performance tests, resulting in a total of 589 mask sealing performance data points, with each mask type tested 115–125 times. Statistical analysis revealed that two masks, ENVIP3DF (84.3%) and 801-N95 (68.9%), had higher passing rates, with a statistically significant difference (χ²=127.546, P<0.05). The majority of the data was used for model training, and a small portion was used for validation. Validation results showed that for volunteer 1, the test scores and recommendation degrees for two randomly selected masks were ENVIP3DF (200, 95.0%) and 801-N95 (145, 94.6%), respectively; for volunteer 5, the scores and recommendation degrees were 801-N95 (152, 64.7%) and 9132 (52, 39.4%), respectively. For each volunteer, there was a significant positive correlation between the actual mask sealing performance test score and the proposed mask suitability recommendation correlation model (r=0.642, P<0.05). The proposed method can accurately predict mask sealing test results based on facial image processing data.

This method can rapidly recommend optimal masks based on facial images and is suitable for emergencies or situations where standard mask sealing performance testing is inconvenient.

To investigate the adherence to four healthy lifestyle factors–nonsmoking, no or moderate alcohol consumption, adequate physical activity, and a healthy diet–among residents aged 35–75 years in Gansu province and to identify the influencing factors, providing a reference for promoting healthy lifestyles among residents.

Data were collected from December 2015 to December 2022 as part of the Early Screening and Comprehensive Intervention Program for High-Risk Cardiovascular Disease Populations. The study included 27 436 residents aged 35–75 years from 10 project sites in Gansu province: Baiyin district of Baiyin city, Anding district and Tongwei county of Dingxi city, Huating city of Pingliang city, Qingcheng county of Qingyang city, Qingshui county of Tianshui city, Gaotai county and Shandan county of Zhangye city, Liangzhou district of Wuwei city, and Yongjing county of Linxia Hui autonomous prefecture. The dataset included demographic information, adherence to the four healthy lifestyle factors (nonsmoking, no or moderate alcohol consumption, adequate physical activity, and healthy diet), and was complete with no history of CVD or cancer. Adherence to the four healthy lifestyle factors was analyzed, and a multifactorial unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors.

Among the 27 436 residents aged 35–75 years included in the analysis, 20 777 (75.7%), 27 183 (99.1%), 5 838 (21.3%), and 3 917 (14.3%) adhered to nonsmoking, no or moderate alcohol consumption, adequate physical activity, and a healthy diet, respectively. Only 713 residents (2.6%) adhered to all four healthy lifestyle factors. Multifactorial unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that being female, aged 65–75 years, and having a college degree or higher were positively associated with nonsmoking. Being aged 45–54 years, having a junior high school education, and having a history of hypertension or diabetes were negatively associated with nonsmoking. Being female, aged 55–75 years, and having a history of myocardial infarction or stroke were positively associated with no or moderate alcohol consumption, while having a junior high school education or higher was negatively associated. Being female, aged 45–75 years, having a junior high school education or higher, and having a history of hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction, or stroke were positively associated with adequate physical activity. Being female, having a junior high school education or higher, and having a history of hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction, or stroke were positively associated with a healthy diet, while living in rural areas was negatively associated. Being female, aged 55–75 years, having a junior high school education or higher, and having a history of hypertension or diabetes were positively associated with adherence to all four healthy lifestyle factors.

The adherence rate to all four healthy lifestyle factors was low among residents aged 35–75 years in Gansu province. Sex and education level were common influencing factors for adherence to the four healthy lifestyle factors.

To differentiate between "indeterminate" early and late HIV infection samples to ensure timely follow-up.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on all "indeterminate" HIV infection samples from the Pudong New Area confirmatory laboratory between 2014 and 2019. Samples were grouped based on epidemiological data and follow-up results: 58 "early positive-indeterminate"and 31 "late positive-indeterminate"samples. Fourth-generation rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and third-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed on both groups. The characteristics of the screening results and confirmatory bands were analyzed, and the differences in CD4⁺T cell levels before and after 3 years of treatment were compared between the two groups.

Both the fourth-generation RDT and third-generation ELISA antibody tests were 100% positive in both the "early positive-indeterminate" and "late positive-indeterminate" groups. However, the S/CO values from the third-generation ELISA showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (t=31.65, P<0.001). The proportions of different band patterns in the antibody confirmatory test that transitioned to "early positive" and "late positive" were also statistically significant (χ²=65.10, P<0.001). The overall distribution of changes in CD4⁺T cell counts before and after 3 years of treatment differed significantly between the "early positive-indeterminate" and "late positive-indeterminate"groups (U=415.5, P<0.001).

Combining screening results and confirmatory band characteristics can effectively distinguish different stages of infection in "indeterminate" HIV antibody results and provide corresponding follow-up recommendations. Furthermore, changes in CD4⁺T cell counts before and after treatment can be used to assess immune reconstitution following treatment.

To conduct laboratory detection on a suspected botulism incident and provide experimental evidence for the prevention and rapid identification of botulism.

Sample processing and testing were carried out according to the national standards GB4789.12–2016, GB 15193.2–2014 "National Food Safety Standard - Laboratory Operation Standards for Food Toxicology," and the instructions for botulinum toxin diagnostic serum. Mouse bioassay and diagnostic serum were used for botulinum toxin detection and confirmatory typing tests.

A total of 114 SPF-grade female KM mice were used and divided into groups for detection and confirmatory typing tests. The mice were intoxicated via intraperitoneal injection. The detection test results showed that, except for the control group, animals in all sample groups exhibited typical botulism symptoms. All animals in the marinated raw fish-trypsin group, gastric contents group, and gastric contents-trypsin group died within 1–36 h. No deaths were observed in the marinated raw fish group or the blood group. The confirmatory typing test results showed that all animals in the marinated raw fish-trypsin group injected with type A, B, C, D, E, F, and A–F mixed diagnostic sera died. However, when the marinated raw fish-trypsin solution was diluted with sterile normal saline (NS) at ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 and then reacted with type A, B, C, D, E, F, and A–F mixed diagnostic sera, no deaths occurred in the animals. Deaths were observed in all toxin control groups, but no deaths occurred in the toxin inactivation control groups. When the gastric contents-trypsin solution was diluted with NS at a 1:1 ratio and then reacted with type A, B, C, D, E, F, and A–F mixed diagnostic sera, no animal deaths occurred. However, deaths were observed in the toxin control group, while no deaths occurred in the toxin inactivation control group. According to the instructions for the botulinum toxin diagnostic serum, the poisoning was not caused by typical type A, B, C, D, E, or F botulinum toxin. It was preliminarily determined that the marinated raw fish and gastric contents contained other atypical or non-typical botulinum toxins.

This food poisoning incident was caused by non-A, -B, -C, -D, -E, or -F botulinum toxin.

To study the practice and effectiveness of the "Integrated Control and Prevention of Three Highs (hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia) and Six Diseases (coronary heart disease, stroke, renal lesions, retinal lesions, peripheral neuropathy, and peripheral vascular lesions)" chronic disease management strategy in Chengyang district, Qingdao city, and to make policy recommendations for improving chronic disease prevention and control in China.

Data on management and referral of the "Three Highs" patients in 2019 and 2021 ( before and after the implementation of the "Integrated Control and Prevention of Three Highs and Six Diseases" management strategy) were provided by Chengyang District Health Commission of Qingdao city. Key informant interviews were conducted to collect information on the operation mode, two-way referral mechanisms, and information platform development in the implementation of the strategy. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted in the study.

Among the "Three Highs" patients in the district, the standardized treatment rate and control rate were increased but the incidence of complications was effectively controlled after the implementation of the "Integrated Control and Prevention of Three Highs and Six Diseases" management strategy.

The "Integrated Control and Prevention of Three Highs and Six Diseases" strategy is of certain promotion and reference value on account of the provision of health centered continuity management services, integration and synergy of primary health care services, and improvement of service efficiency and capacity of grassroots medical and health institutions under the implementation of the strategy.

To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of health-related behaviors of elderly hypertension/hyperglycemia/hyperlipidemia (abbreviated as "three highs)" patients with the management of "Integrated Control and Prevention of Three Highs and Six Diseases", and to provide a reference for improving the chronic disease management model.

Data of 43 150 elderly (≥ 60 years) "three highs" patients with consecutive follow-up information on health-related behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity) from 2019 to 2022 were collected from the Chronic Disease Management Information System of Chengyang District of Qingdao City. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the factors influencing patients' health-related behaviors.

For all participants over the period, the prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption showed the same trend of slightly increasing and then decreasing (smoking/alcohol consumption: from 13.09%/16.44% in 2019 to 13.39%/16.93% in 2020, 12.25%/15.07% in 2022); the prevalence of physical activity increased gradually from 35.47% in 2019 to 42.39% in 2022. The generalized estimating equation analysis showed that the male participants were more likely to have a higher rate of smoking, the participants who were male and those with primary or junior high school education were more likely to have a higher rate of alcohol consumption, and the participants with non-local household registration, with occupations other than agricultural worker, and with comorbidity of hypertension/ hyperglycemia/hyperlipidemia were more likely to have a lower rate of physical activity.

The implementation of the "Integrated Control and Prevention of Three Highs and Six Diseases" chronic disease management strategy in Shandong province generally improved health-related behaviors among elderly residents with hypertension/hyperglycemia/hyperlipidemia in a district of Qingdao city.