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To improve the efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid(5-ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy(PDT), a fluorocarbon microemulsion-based gel(FMBG) loaded with both 5-ALA and carbon dioxide(CO2) was prepared in this study. Its physical and chemical properties such as particle size, zeta potential, morphology, pH value and viscosity were characterized. Acid-base titration experiment was used to determine the CO2 loading, a fluorescence derivatization method was established to determine the content of 5-ALA, and the confocal laser scanning microscope and Franz diffusion cell method were carried out to investigate its transdermal ability. Through the laser speckle contrast imaging, the CO2-affected blood flow perfusion of skin was measured. Finally, the skin irritation test was tested by hematoxylin-eosin staining(H & E) method. These results showed that the prepared FMBG was a milky white gel, with an average particle size of 202.4 nm, a zeta potential of-25.3 mV, a pH of 6.0, and a viscosity of 1 062.0 mPa·s. It can be stored stably for seven days at room temperature. The 5-ALA content of FMBG was measured to be approximately equal to 20%(w/w). At room temperature and normal pressure, the CO2 loading content of FMBG was 5.016 mg·L-1, which was 1.5 times as much as that of water. The transdermal absorption experiment and blood perfusion results showed that the FMBG can effectively enable the transdermal delivery of 5-ALA and CO2, and significantly increased the blood perfusion of skin. H & E staining results indicated that FMBG had negligible skin irritation(all animal tests were approved by the Ethics Committee of 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team). In this study, a safe and stable FMBG loaded with both 5-ALA and CO2 was successfully prepared. It was suitable for transdermal application, having the potential of enhancing the efficacy of 5-ALAmediated PDT.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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