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In the context of image adversarial attacks，white-box attacks targeting the target model often yield the best performance. However，in practice，it is usually difficult to obtain the architecture of the target model，which makes improving the transferability of adversarial examples particularly crucial. To address this issue，a training method based on generative adversarial network（GAN）was proposed to generate adversarial examples with strong transferability.The study finds that images themselves possess model-agnostic vulnerabilities，and generative methods implement attacks precisely by exploiting this characteristic. Unlike traditional methods that perform fine-tuning within the neighborhood of the original image，this method generates images with maximum likelihood from the distribution of other categories. These images are visually close to real images but can effectively mislead classifiers. During the training process，the generator produces adversarial examples，while the discriminator judges the correctness of their labels. The two components optimize collaboratively，continuously enhancing the adversarial potency and authenticity of the examples. Experiments show that the attack success rate of generative adversarial examples on multiple models is significantly higher than that of traditional methods，with an average improvement of approximately 25%，demonstrating stronger cross-model generalization ability. This result indicates that generative adversarial attacks not only enhance the practicality of black-box attacks but also reveal the widespread vulnerabilities of deep models，providing directions for the design of subsequent defense mechanisms.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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