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Outline
Norovirus is one of the primary pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis worldwide, and its highly contagious nature through the food chain poses a serious threat to public health. Norovirus is commonly transmitted through food such as shellfish, vegetable, and fruit during production, processing, and consumption. Traditional detection methods struggle to fully reveal the associated risks. Microbiological quantitative risk assessment combines data and mathematical models to systematically quantify the risk of pathogen transmission, providing a scientific tool for controlling foodborne viruses. This paper focuses on the transmission characteristics of norovirus in the food chain of shellfish, vegetable, and fruit, systematically outlined the contamination pathways and key risk points from production to consumption, and reviews the progress of quantitative risk research. The contamination of shellfish primarily originated from water body, and depuration and thermal processing could significantly reduce the viral load. The contamination of vegetable and fruit primarily stemmed from irrigation water and cross-contamination during manual harvesting. Thermal treatment and novel decontamination technologies could effectively reduce the viral load. Different dose-response models exhibited variations in risk assessment, and a comprehensive analysis of multiple models could enhance accuracy. In the future, interdisciplinary collaboration should be strengthened to utilize big data and machine learning to construct multidimensional risk assessment models, enhancing predictive and early warning capabilities. This will provide precise support for global food safety governance and promote the development of risk management toward systematization and intelligence.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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