Article(id=1261336281469018819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030355, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743091200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778655603997, onlineDateStr=2026-05-13, pubDate=1777564800000, pubDateStr=2026-05-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778655603997, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778655603997, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778655603997, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1261336272929472630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='504', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778655601961, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657530282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=94, endPage=103, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1261336282924442316, articleId=1261336281469018819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Konjac Glucomannan with Varying Molecular Weights on the Structure and Gel Properties of Frozen Antarctic Krill Myofibrillar Protein, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to investigate the effects of konjac glucomannan (KGM) with varying molecular weights on the structure and gel properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) derived from frozen Antarctic krill. Using Antarctic krill MP as the research object, we compared the degradation of KGM with molecular weights of 1.5974×106 Da (HMW KGM), 1.2769×106 Da (MMW KGM), and 0.6912×106 Da (LMW KGM) during the freezing storage process at −18 ℃. The effects on structure properties (chemical bond level, carbonyl content, surface hydrophobicity, particle size, myofibril breakage index) and gel properties (water-holding capacity, hardness, elasticity, thermodynamic) were analyzed at 0, 60, 120, and 180 days. Compared to the blank control group (MP without the addition of KGM enzymatic hydrolysis products), the MMW KGM group exhibited the highest holding capacity, hardness, and elasticity after being frozen for 180 days, with values of 67.66%±2.58%, 375.85±6.78 g, and 2.78±0.08 g, respectively. Meanwhile, the MMW KGM group demonstrated the highest levels of ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bonds, measuring 27.87±1.03, 20.98±1.12, and 5.19±0.12 mg/g, respectively, while the contents of carbonyl groups and surface hydrophobicity were the lowest. This suggested that MMW KGM was effective in inhibiting the oxidation of MP. Additionally, after 180 days of freezing, the results of particle size, myofibrillary rupture index, and thermodynamic index indicated that the spatial structure of MP in the MMW KGM group was the most stable. These findings confirmed that the addition of MMW KGM provided the most effective freezing protection for the MP of Antarctic krill, which offered theoretical support for the use of enzymatically hydrolyzed KGM as an antifreeze agent during the freezing and storage of aquatic products.

, correspAuthors=Tingting CUI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ming CHANG, Airong JIA, Miansong ZHANG, Xue LIU, Tingting CUI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1261336292504232753, articleId=1261336281469018819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同分子量魔芋葡甘聚糖对冷冻南极磷虾肌原纤维蛋白结构和凝胶特性的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

探究不同分子量魔芋葡甘聚糖(Konjac glucomannan,KGM)对冷冻南极磷虾肌原纤维蛋白(Myofibrillar protein,MP)结构和凝胶特性的影响。以南极磷虾MP为研究对象,系统比较了分子量分别为1.5974×106 Da(HMW KGM)、1.2769×106 Da(MMW KGM)和0.6912×106 Da(LMW KGM)的KGM对南极磷虾MP在−18 ℃冻藏过程(0、60、120和180 d)中结构特性(化学键水平、羰基含量、表面疏水性、粒径、肌原纤维断裂指数)和凝胶特性(持水力、硬度和弹性、热力学指数)的影响。与空白对照组(未添加KGM酶解产物的MP)相比,冻藏180 d,MMW KGM组的持水力、硬度和弹性最大,分别为67.66%±2.58%、375.85±6.78 g和2.78±0.08 g。与此同时,冻藏180 d,MMW KGM组的离子键、氢键和二硫键含量最高,分别为27.87±1.03、20.98±1.12和5.19±0.12 mg/g,而羰基含量和表面疏水性均最低,表明MMW KGM有利于抑制MP的氧化。冻藏180 d,粒径、肌原纤维断裂指数和热力学指数结果表明MMW KGM组的MP空间结构最稳定。上述结果证实,添加MMW KGM对南极磷虾MP冷冻保护作用最佳,这为水产品冻藏过程中使用酶解后KGM作为抗冻剂提供了理论支持。

, correspAuthors=崔婷婷, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
崔婷婷(1990−),女,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=pv+HGwxYMICNDtvnjbNomg==, magXml=TbNxAF+RmofY9cMoSkKSDg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=zOXq2C3O87lJ7Zh9bP2dUg==, pdfFileSize=2469101, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=JYWbTJPaCsJ4MxWvqVWo+Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=TIz6dle+V2M6E3wTiP8Sfg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

常明(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:

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注:不同小写字母表示不同冻藏时间的显著性差异(P<0.05);不同大写字母表示不同分子量KGM的显著性差异(P<0.05),图2~图6同。

, figureFileSmall=2vmD/5RE45PusskwzRPbGQ==, figureFileBig=JYWbTJPaCsJ4MxWvqVWo+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336323986677838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281469018819, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of different molecular weight KGM on carbonyl groups content and surface hydrophobicity of MP during freezing storage, figureFileSmall=/y/CzjVYrH47fOETZOoyLw==, figureFileBig=dCZlxvyw5SSKxv4tQYPtrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336324787789910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281469018819, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同分子量KGM对冻藏期间MP羰基含量和表面疏水性的影响, figureFileSmall=/y/CzjVYrH47fOETZOoyLw==, figureFileBig=dCZlxvyw5SSKxv4tQYPtrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336326557786204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281469018819, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of different molecular weight KGM on particle size of MP during freezing storage, figureFileSmall=e0qxDT1Nhsb1fMjGEFck6A==, figureFileBig=VEUgoexS3W5HsEYSQQ29SA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336327384064099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281469018819, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同分子量KGM对冻藏期间MP粒径的影响, figureFileSmall=e0qxDT1Nhsb1fMjGEFck6A==, figureFileBig=VEUgoexS3W5HsEYSQQ29SA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336327744774248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281469018819, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of different molecular weight KGM on MFI of MP during freezing storage, figureFileSmall=wXIEjbH/l5V5J4LL7ek35Q==, figureFileBig=UKDhyuOcNb0nemzWSlmj/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336328248090733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281469018819, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同分子量KGM对冻藏期间MP肌原纤维断裂指数的影响, figureFileSmall=wXIEjbH/l5V5J4LL7ek35Q==, figureFileBig=UKDhyuOcNb0nemzWSlmj/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336328642355316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281469018819, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of KGM with different molecular weight on water retention of MP gel during freezing storage, figureFileSmall=IZW/ZJAJGHUNSORdhEylTQ==, figureFileBig=F+5wGuzLLQJYOYmx399JzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336329024036984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281469018819, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同分子量KGM对冻藏期间MP凝胶持水力的影响, figureFileSmall=IZW/ZJAJGHUNSORdhEylTQ==, figureFileBig=F+5wGuzLLQJYOYmx399JzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336330907279485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281469018819, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of different molecular weight KGM on hardness (A) and elasticity (B) of MP gel during freezing storage, figureFileSmall=KTwrozmleQ4n7we4wkmOnA==, figureFileBig=aGlbdV1Fp+6JZ+m+Nz7gOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336331205075075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281469018819, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同分子量KGM对冻藏期间MP凝胶硬度(A)和弹性(B)的影响, figureFileSmall=KTwrozmleQ4n7we4wkmOnA==, figureFileBig=aGlbdV1Fp+6JZ+m+Nz7gOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336331884552330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281469018819, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effect of different molecular weight KGM on thermodynamic properties of MP during freezing storage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冻藏时间(d)热力学参数组别
对照组KGMLMW-KGMMMW-KGMHMW-KGM
注:不同小写字母表示不同冻藏时间的显著性差异(P<0.05);不同大写字母表示不同分子量KGM的显著性差异(P<0.05)。
0Tp(℃)56.65±1.42Aa56.77±1.05Aa56.01±1.30Aa56.11±1.16Aa56.75±1.25Aa
△H(J/g)0.32±0.03Aa0.31±0.01Aa0.33±0.02Aa0.34±0.01Aa0.32±0.05Aa
60Tp(℃)48.42±1.03Eb50.44±0.98Db51.22±1.00Cb54.15±1.22Ab52.07±0.79Bb
△H(J/g)0.25±0.01Eb0.26±0.01Db0.28±0.02Cb0.32±0.01Ab0.30±0.06Bb
120Tp(℃)38.43±0.76Ec42.15±0.76Dc46.99±1.10Cc50.43±1.19Ac48.43±0.97Bc
△H(J/g)0.19±0.04Ec0.21±0.02Dc0.24±0.02Cc0.28±0.02Ac0.25±0.02Bc
180Tp(℃)29.62±1.25Ed33.75±1.06Dd38.35±1.84Cd46.41±1.56Ad43.23±1.58Bd
△H(J/g)0.10±0.00Ed0.14±2.68Dd0.17±0.01Cd0.23±0.01Ad0.20±0.02Bd
), ArticleFig(id=1261336332329148559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281469018819, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同分子量KGM对冻藏期间MP热力学性质的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冻藏时间(d)热力学参数组别
对照组KGMLMW-KGMMMW-KGMHMW-KGM
注:不同小写字母表示不同冻藏时间的显著性差异(P<0.05);不同大写字母表示不同分子量KGM的显著性差异(P<0.05)。
0Tp(℃)56.65±1.42Aa56.77±1.05Aa56.01±1.30Aa56.11±1.16Aa56.75±1.25Aa
△H(J/g)0.32±0.03Aa0.31±0.01Aa0.33±0.02Aa0.34±0.01Aa0.32±0.05Aa
60Tp(℃)48.42±1.03Eb50.44±0.98Db51.22±1.00Cb54.15±1.22Ab52.07±0.79Bb
△H(J/g)0.25±0.01Eb0.26±0.01Db0.28±0.02Cb0.32±0.01Ab0.30±0.06Bb
120Tp(℃)38.43±0.76Ec42.15±0.76Dc46.99±1.10Cc50.43±1.19Ac48.43±0.97Bc
△H(J/g)0.19±0.04Ec0.21±0.02Dc0.24±0.02Cc0.28±0.02Ac0.25±0.02Bc
180Tp(℃)29.62±1.25Ed33.75±1.06Dd38.35±1.84Cd46.41±1.56Ad43.23±1.58Bd
△H(J/g)0.10±0.00Ed0.14±2.68Dd0.17±0.01Cd0.23±0.01Ad0.20±0.02Bd
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不同分子量魔芋葡甘聚糖对冷冻南极磷虾肌原纤维蛋白结构和凝胶特性的影响
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常明 1, 2 , 贾爱荣 1, 2 , 张绵松 1, 2 , 刘雪 1, 2 , 崔婷婷 *, 1, 2
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(9): 94-103
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食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026, 47(9): 94-103
不同分子量魔芋葡甘聚糖对冷冻南极磷虾肌原纤维蛋白结构和凝胶特性的影响
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常明1, 2 , 贾爱荣1, 2, 张绵松1, 2, 刘雪1, 2, 崔婷婷*, 1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院),山东省科学院生物研究所,山东济南 250103
  • 2.山东省海洋功能食品技术创新中心,山东威海 264305
  • 常明(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:

通讯作者:

崔婷婷(1990−),女,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:
Effect of Konjac Glucomannan with Varying Molecular Weights on the Structure and Gel Properties of Frozen Antarctic Krill Myofibrillar Protein
Ming CHANG1, 2 , Airong JIA1, 2, Miansong ZHANG1, 2, Xue LIU1, 2, Tingting CUI*, 1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
  • 2.Shandong Provincial Marine Functional Food Technology Innovation Center, Weihai 264305, China
出版时间: 2026-05-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030355
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探究不同分子量魔芋葡甘聚糖(Konjac glucomannan,KGM)对冷冻南极磷虾肌原纤维蛋白(Myofibrillar protein,MP)结构和凝胶特性的影响。以南极磷虾MP为研究对象,系统比较了分子量分别为1.5974×106 Da(HMW KGM)、1.2769×106 Da(MMW KGM)和0.6912×106 Da(LMW KGM)的KGM对南极磷虾MP在−18 ℃冻藏过程(0、60、120和180 d)中结构特性(化学键水平、羰基含量、表面疏水性、粒径、肌原纤维断裂指数)和凝胶特性(持水力、硬度和弹性、热力学指数)的影响。与空白对照组(未添加KGM酶解产物的MP)相比,冻藏180 d,MMW KGM组的持水力、硬度和弹性最大,分别为67.66%±2.58%、375.85±6.78 g和2.78±0.08 g。与此同时,冻藏180 d,MMW KGM组的离子键、氢键和二硫键含量最高,分别为27.87±1.03、20.98±1.12和5.19±0.12 mg/g,而羰基含量和表面疏水性均最低,表明MMW KGM有利于抑制MP的氧化。冻藏180 d,粒径、肌原纤维断裂指数和热力学指数结果表明MMW KGM组的MP空间结构最稳定。上述结果证实,添加MMW KGM对南极磷虾MP冷冻保护作用最佳,这为水产品冻藏过程中使用酶解后KGM作为抗冻剂提供了理论支持。

魔芋葡甘聚糖分子量  /  南极磷虾  /  肌原纤维蛋白  /  结构特性  /  凝胶特性

This study aimed to investigate the effects of konjac glucomannan (KGM) with varying molecular weights on the structure and gel properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) derived from frozen Antarctic krill. Using Antarctic krill MP as the research object, we compared the degradation of KGM with molecular weights of 1.5974×106 Da (HMW KGM), 1.2769×106 Da (MMW KGM), and 0.6912×106 Da (LMW KGM) during the freezing storage process at −18 ℃. The effects on structure properties (chemical bond level, carbonyl content, surface hydrophobicity, particle size, myofibril breakage index) and gel properties (water-holding capacity, hardness, elasticity, thermodynamic) were analyzed at 0, 60, 120, and 180 days. Compared to the blank control group (MP without the addition of KGM enzymatic hydrolysis products), the MMW KGM group exhibited the highest holding capacity, hardness, and elasticity after being frozen for 180 days, with values of 67.66%±2.58%, 375.85±6.78 g, and 2.78±0.08 g, respectively. Meanwhile, the MMW KGM group demonstrated the highest levels of ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bonds, measuring 27.87±1.03, 20.98±1.12, and 5.19±0.12 mg/g, respectively, while the contents of carbonyl groups and surface hydrophobicity were the lowest. This suggested that MMW KGM was effective in inhibiting the oxidation of MP. Additionally, after 180 days of freezing, the results of particle size, myofibrillary rupture index, and thermodynamic index indicated that the spatial structure of MP in the MMW KGM group was the most stable. These findings confirmed that the addition of MMW KGM provided the most effective freezing protection for the MP of Antarctic krill, which offered theoretical support for the use of enzymatically hydrolyzed KGM as an antifreeze agent during the freezing and storage of aquatic products.

konjac glucomannan molecular weight  /  Antarctic krill  /  myofibrillar protein  /  structural characteristics  /  gel properties
常明, 贾爱荣, 张绵松, 刘雪, 崔婷婷. 不同分子量魔芋葡甘聚糖对冷冻南极磷虾肌原纤维蛋白结构和凝胶特性的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (9) : 94 -103 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030355
Ming CHANG, Airong JIA, Miansong ZHANG, Xue LIU, Tingting CUI. Effect of Konjac Glucomannan with Varying Molecular Weights on the Structure and Gel Properties of Frozen Antarctic Krill Myofibrillar Protein[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (9) : 94 -103 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030355
南极磷虾(Euphausia superba)是一种生活在南大洋中的无脊椎浮游生物,作为地球上最大的单种生物资源之一,总生物量约为107~108[1]。南极磷虾蛋白含有人体健康所必需的8种氨基酸和多种矿物质元素,能够满足粮农组织/世卫组织/联合国(FAO/WHO/UNU)规定的成人和婴儿需要量,是一种完全蛋白,具有极高的营养价值[2]。研究表明[3],南极磷虾的蛋白质分布呈现明显的组织差异性:肌肉组织(磷虾肉)所含蛋白质占整体蛋白含量的40%~45%,外骨骼(甲壳)占比为25%~30%,内脏器官含20%~25%的蛋白质,而头部与眼部区域的蛋白质含量相对较低,仅占5%~10%,其中肌原纤维蛋白约占总蛋白的60%~70%,且肌原纤维蛋白的含量及组成对维持虾肉品质发挥着重要的作用。然而,南极磷虾资源的开发利用面临若干技术瓶颈,主要体现在以下两方面:其一,南极磷虾体内存在高活性的蛋白酶系统,在捕捞后极易引发自溶现象,进而加速腐败进程[4];其二,在集中捕捞作业时,受加工能力限制,磷虾原料往往难以及时处理,导致品质显著下降,严重制约了资源的高效利用。目前,冷冻贮藏是南极磷虾的主要保藏方式,但其品质劣变问题突出,主要表现为脂质氧化、蛋白质变性以及冰晶的升华与重结晶等关键因素引发的质量变化[5]。反复冻融过程会进一步加剧脂质氧化和蛋白质氧化,特别是会诱发肌原纤维蛋白变性,最终造成虾肉品质的不可逆劣变[6]
多糖的分子量会影响多糖的结构和功能特性,研究表明适度的分子量大小有助于多糖功效的发挥[78]。KGM是从魔芋块根中提取的一种具有特殊凝胶特性和流变特性的水溶性膳食纤维,是由D-吡喃甘露糖和D-吡喃葡萄糖(二者比例为1:1.6)通过β-1,4-糖苷键连接而成的多糖,已被广泛应用于食品领域,用来改善单一组分凝胶的性能劣势[9]。Sun等[10]研究发现,KGM凝胶在促进高品质水产食品开发方面展现出较大的潜力。郭兵兵等  [11]研究发现,不同分子量的KGM均能延缓冻藏15 d以上的草鱼肌原纤维蛋白变性,其中小分子量的魔芋葡甘聚糖对肌原纤维蛋白冷冻保护作用最佳。另外,Jian等[12]研究发现,分子量较小的KGM提高了罗非鱼肌纤维蛋白的凝胶强度,而分子量较大的KGM则破坏了罗非鱼肌纤维蛋白凝胶的网状结构。然而,目前有关KGM分子量对冷冻南极磷虾肌原纤维蛋白结构和凝胶特性的影响研究较少,因此,研究不同分子量的魔芋葡甘聚糖对肌原纤维蛋白的冷冻保护效果具有十分重要的意义。
本研究通过比较分子量分别为1.5974×106 Da(HMW KGM)、1.2769×106 Da(MMW KGM)和0.6912×106 Da(LMW KGM)的KGM对南极磷虾肌原纤维蛋白在−18 ℃冻藏过程(0、60、120和180 d)中结构和凝胶特性的影响,探讨其对蛋白的冷冻保护作用,从而改善南极磷虾肉的品质,为KGM的工业应用提供理论指导,且研究结果将补充和完善食品抗冻剂的种类。
魔芋葡甘露聚糖(KGM,纯度≥98%)、β-甘露聚糖酶(50000 U/mg) 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;南极磷虾 大连辽渔远洋食品有限公司;柠檬酸缓冲液、磷酸盐缓冲液、氯化钠、氯化镁、氯化钾、乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐(EDTA-2Na)、尿素、β-巯基乙醇、溴酚蓝 北京鼎国昌盛生物技术有限责任公司;蛋白质羰基含量检测测试盒 上海酶联生物科技有限公司;牛血清蛋白(BR) Sigma公司。
JJ-1A型电热恒温水浴锅 北京市永光明医疗仪器有限公司;YP10002型电子天平 上海光正医疗仪器有限公司;IKA T18数显型高速分散机 艾卡(广州)仪器设备有限公司;TDL-5-A型台式离心机 上海安亭科学仪器厂;TECAN M200pro型酶标仪 瑞士帝肯公司;OS20-Pro顶置式电子搅拌器 大龙兴创实验仪器(北京)股份公司;TA-XT plus型质构仪 上海瑞玢智能科技有限公司;Zetasizer 纳米粒度电位仪 马尔文仪器有限公司;DSC-Q200差示扫描量热仪 南京大展检测仪器有限公司;BT-9300S激光粒度仪 丹东百特仪器有限公司;LC-20AT高效液相色谱仪 日本岛津公司。
参考Tripetch等[13]的方法,将3.0 g KGM溶解于100 mL柠檬酸缓冲液(0.1 mol/L),加入0.1 g β-甘露聚糖酶混合均匀,采用HCl(1 mol/L)将反应体系的pH调节为4.8,酶解时间分别为0、5、15和30 min,沸水浴10 min进行灭活处理,将混合溶液置于离心机中以4000 r/min的转速离心10 min,弃去沉淀取上清液,上清液过0.22 μm PVDF膜备用,采用LC-20AT高效液相泵和RID-10A示差检测器(Shimadzu,Kyoto,Japan)组成的高效液相系统测定不同酶解时间KGM的分子量,检测柱为OHpak SB-805 HQ凝胶色谱柱,流动相为超纯水,流速0.8 mL/min,柱温30 ℃,压力1.0 MP,进样量为20 μL。最终测得的分子量分别为2.0347×106、1.5974×106、1.2769×106和0.6912×106 Da,并依次命名为KGM、HMW KGM、MMW KGM和LMW KGM。
参考Li等[14]方法,取南极磷虾于4 ℃下解冻,按照1:3.5(g/g)的比例将南极磷虾肉与磷酸盐缓冲液(0.1 mol/L NaCl,0.002 mol/L MgCl2,0.001 mol/L EDTA-2Na,0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液,pH7.0)在高速搅拌器中均匀混合25 s,然后将混合溶液以11000 r/min离心25 s,弃去上清,所得沉淀即为MP,4 ℃下保存备用。
参考Li等[15]的方法,用磷酸盐缓冲液(0.1 mol/L NaCl,0.002 mol/L MgCl2,0.001 mol/L EDTA-2Na,0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液,pH7.0)将MP浓度调整为40 mg/mL,分别取0.4 g的KGM、HMW-KGM、MMW-KGM和LMW-KGM与100 g的MP混匀,通过电子搅拌器在10000 r/min的条件下充分均质30 s。在80 ℃恒温水浴下加热30 min,冷却至室温,将上述凝胶分别置于−18 ℃冰箱中储存0、60、120和180 d,进行后续指标测定。
根据Chen等[16]的方法配制下列5种不同的溶液:S1溶液(0.05 mol/L NaCl)、S2溶液(0.6 mol/L NaCl)、S3溶液(0.6 mol/L NaCl+1.5 mol/L尿素)、S4溶液(0.6 mol/L NaCl+8 mol/L尿素)、S5溶液(0.6 mol/L NaCl+8 mol/L尿素+0.5 mol/L β-巯基乙醇)。称取2.0 g MP凝胶样品,分别与10 mL上述5种溶液混合,在500 r/min转速下匀浆处理2 min,置于4 ℃环境中1 h,4 ℃下按照10000 r/min离心处理15 min,收集上清液,用双缩脲法测定蛋白质含量,计算离子键(S2和S1之差)、氢键(S3和S2之差)、疏水相互作用(S4和S3之差)和二硫键(S5和S4之差)。
参考Wang等[17]的研究方法,结合蛋白质羰基含量测试盒的说明书,测定MP中羰基的含量。
参考Wang等[18]的研究方法,用0.02 mol/L的PBS缓冲液(含0.6 mol/L NaCl,pH7.0)将MP溶液的浓度调整为1.0 mg/mL,取1 mL浓度为1.0 mg/mL的MP溶液与200 mL溴酚蓝(1.0 mg/mL)漩涡振荡15 min充分混匀,于5000 r/min转速下离心15 min,取上清液稀释10倍后于595 nm波长处测定OD值,以PBS为空白对照。其中溴酚蓝的结合量表示MP的表面疏水性,计算方法见公式(1)。
$\rm 溴酚蓝结合量(\text{μg})=200\times \frac{\text{O}D_0-\text{O}D_1}{\text{O}D_0} $
式中:OD0为空白对照的吸光度值;OD1为样品的吸光度值。
用蒸馏水将MP溶液的浓度调整为1.0 mg/mL,取适量溶液置于比色皿中,通过激光粒度仪对MP的粒径进行测定。测定参数如下:平衡时间60 s,测定温度为25 ℃,散射角90°。
参考刘晓芳等[19]的研究方法,取1.0 g MP加入20 mL 4 ℃预冷的MFI缓冲液(100 mmol/L KCl,20 mmol/L KPO4-pH7,0.001 mmol/L EGT和1 mmol/L MgCl2)中,并均质30 s,在4 ℃下按照1000 r/min离心15 min,弃去上清液,每次加入新鲜的MFI缓冲液,反复离心4次。通过双缩脲法测定沉淀中蛋白质量浓度,定量后将样品稀释至0.5 mg/mL,在540 nm下读取吸光度值,所有样品均测定三次取平均值,MFI计算方法见公式(2)。
$\rm \text{MFI}=200\times OD $
式中:OD为吸光度值。
参考Zheng等[20]的方法,分别取1.2.3中不同冻藏天数的MP凝胶5.0 g,置于50 mL的离心管中,在4 ℃的冷冻离心机中以5000 r/min的转速离心处理10 min,称取离心前后的质量(g),每个样品均进行3次独立测定,并计算其平均值,计算方法见公式(3)。
$ \text{WHC}(\text{%})=\frac{\text{m}_1}{\text{m}_0}\times 100 $
式中:m0为离心前凝胶的质量,g;m1为离心后凝胶的质量,g。
参考Wu等[21]的方法,将MP凝胶制成直径3 cm、高度为3 cm且两端切面平整的圆柱体,置于载物台上,利用TA-XT plus型质构仪进行凝胶硬度和弹性的测定。测定参数如下:仪器测试速度为2.0 mm/s,压力为40%,测试时间为5.00 s,触发力为5.0 g,恢复距离为5.00 mm,测定温度为25 ℃。
使用差示扫描量热仪,按照Chen等[22]报道的方法,取冷冻干燥后的MP样品2.0~3.0 mg置于铝锅中密封,记录好样品质量并做压片处理,在氮气气氛下以5 ℃/min的扫描速度从25 ℃加热至200 ℃,以空坩埚作为空白参照,记录DSC曲线,通过Pyris-12软件分析峰值温度(Tp)和焓值(△H)。
实验均进行3次取平均值,采用SPSS 25.0对实验数据统计分析,结果表示为“平均值±标准差”。采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA)和Duncan's法多重比较分析各组的差异显著性,其中P<0.05代表有显著性差异,用Origin 2021软件作图。
MP是南极磷虾总蛋白的主要成分,是肌肉中必不可少的功能蛋白,能够在热过程中通过蛋白质之间的二硫键、氢键和疏水相互作用等化学力形成黏弹性凝胶网络。然而,一些天然蛋白质容易受到物理化学加工所引起的微环境变化的影响,因此很少能呈现出理想的功能特性,不能满足食品工业的各种需求。MP凝胶的形成过程与离子键、疏水相互作用、氢键、二硫键等化学力有关,这些化学力共同导致蛋白质凝胶结构的变化,从而影响蛋白质的凝胶性质[23]。如图1所示,随着冻藏时间从0 d延长至180 d,MP凝胶的离子键、氢键和二硫键含量均显著降低(P<0.05),疏水键含量显著增加(P<0.05),当冻藏时间为180 d时,对照组、KGM组、HMW KGM组、MMW KGM组和LMW KGM组的离子键含量分别减少了63.03%±1.23%、60.20%±2.08%、53.26%±1.65%、37.73%±1.74%和47.46%±2.04%;氢键含量减少了71.02%±3.42%、63.24%±2.35%、56.92%±3.78%、46.08%±1.09%和51.55%±2.23%;二硫键含量减少了53.31%±2.45%、50.26%±2.78%、47.82%±1.89%、33.46%±1.35%和40.36%±1.19%;疏水键含量增加了256.83%±6.76%、231.09%±7.87%、193.33%±4.54%、133.12%±6.89%和182.81%±3.24%。可能是冻藏期间,肌原纤维蛋白氧化变性,导致肌肉组织和蛋白质结构被破坏,使得分子内部的疏水键暴露,氢键、离子键或二硫键受到影响,含量减少[24]
图1所示,相比对照组,KGM组、HMW KGM组、MMW KGM组和LMW KGM组的各化学键含量变化幅度较小,且MMW KGM组表现出更优异的性能。在180 d时,MMW KGM组与对照组相比,离子键含量从16.47±0.76 mg/g显著增加到27.87±1.03 mg/g(P<0.05),氢键含量从11.24±0.98 mg/g显著增加到20.98±1.12 mg/g(P<0.05),二硫键含量从3.67±0.06 mg/g显著增加到5.19±0.12 mg/g(P<0.05),疏水键含量从11.24±0.19 mg/g显著降低到7.32±0.23 mg/g(P<0.05),说明添加MMW KGM可以增加水-蛋白和蛋白-蛋白之间的氢键交联,离子键和二硫键含量显著增加,劳梦甜等[25]的研究也报告了这一发现。此外,MMW KGM抑制了由于冻藏导致的蛋白质变性,保护了蛋白质分子结构等使其不被破坏,减缓了各化学键水平的变化。
南极磷虾肌原纤维蛋白的羰基含量是由氨基酸侧链直接氧化产生的,这是南极磷虾肌原纤维蛋白氧化的重要指标,肌原纤维精氨酸侧链基团是氧自由基攻击的主要目标,从而破坏肽键,导致羰基化合物及其衍生物含量增加[26]。如图2(A)所示,随着冻藏时间的延长,各组MP凝胶中羰基含量均显著增加(P<0.05),在冻藏180 d后,对照组的羰基含量达到了3.78±0.22 nmol/mg prot,这与Wang等[27]的研究结果是一致的,该结果表明,冻藏过程提高了蛋白质的氧化水平,进而导致蛋白质羰基含量的上升,这可能与细胞释放氧化酶和促氧化剂有关。另外在长期冻藏过程中,冰晶的形成对肌肉细胞的超微结构造成损伤并释放自由基,自由基攻击蛋白质氨基酸侧链导致蛋白质聚合交联等,造成羰基含量增加。当添加不同分子量的KGM后,KGM组、HMW KGM组、MMW KGM组和LMW KGM组的羰基含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其中MMW KGM的效果最显著,这表明酶解后的KGM处理MP凝胶能有效抑制羰基的生成和肌原纤维蛋白的氧化,同样的,Kim等[28]通过研究进一步证实,KGM作为冷冻变性抑制剂能够有效延缓鸭血蛋白在热诱导过程中羰基含量的上升。
肌原纤维蛋白疏水性基团暴露在表面,会导致表面疏水性升高,从而引发蛋白质聚集。从图2(B)可以看出,随着冻藏时间从0 d延长至180 d,各组疏水性均呈现显著的上升趋势(P<0.05),这与2.1.1中疏水键的变化趋势是一致的,Zhang等[29]也发现了这一规律,究其原因可能是暴露的疏水残基之间发生了疏水相互作用,导致蛋白质聚集,因此,冻藏过程直接影响了蛋白质分子的构象变化。Hou等[30]还报道了蛋白质在冻藏期间疏水性的增加可能归因于脂肪族氨基酸和芳香氨基酸的暴露。添加不同分子量的KGM后,抑制了各组MP凝胶表面疏水性的升高,在180  d的冻藏过程中,对照组和添加KGM组的MP凝胶表面疏水性存在显著差异(P<0.05),对照组的表面疏水性增加幅度最大,其次是KGM组和LMW KGM组。冻藏时间为180 d时,对照组的表面疏水性(溴酚蓝结合量)为83.45±1.54 μg,显著高于MMW KGM组和HMW KGM组的70.22±1.35 μg和75.64±1.08 μg(P<0.05),从研究结果可知,酶解后的KGM延缓了南极磷虾肌纤维蛋白的构象变化和表面疏水性的升高。
粒径的大小可以表征MP的聚集程度,进一步反映出蛋白质空间结构的变化。由图3可知,随着冻藏时间延长,各组MP的粒径逐渐增大,说明MP出现了严重聚集,主要是由于冻藏过程中MP的展开和蛋白表面积的增加所致,此外,二硫键和氢键含量的降低是导致MP发生聚集的重要因素之一。张建友等[31]还证实,蛋白质氧化变性造成蛋白质骨架裂解、交联聚集絮凝,以及冰晶的生长促使肌原纤维蛋白分子之间形成非共价键,导致蛋白质链大量聚集,从而形成不溶性大分子凝集体,最终导致MP粒径增加。与对照组相比,KGM、HMW KGM、MMW KGM和LMW KGM的添加都能够显著延缓冻藏过程中MP粒径的增加(P<0.05),其中MMW KGM的效果最显著,当冻藏时间达到180 d时,MMW KGM组MP的粒径为559.08 nm,显著低于对照组(823.45±11.32 nm)、KGM组(735.46±10.43 nm)、LMW KGM组(698.70±7.59 nm)和HMW KGM组(657.73±8.15 nm)(P<0.05),这是因为酶解后的KGM含有大量游离羟基,能够与水分子高度结合,阻止冻藏过程中冰晶的形成与体积增大,从而延缓了蛋白质的聚集,抑制较大体积蛋白质聚集体的形成和粒径的增加,这与Gao等[32]的研究结果是一致的。
MFI反映MP超微结构的完整性和MP的降解程度,MFI值越高,表明肌纤维损伤越大,肌原纤维降解越严重。图4为不同分子量的KGM对不同冻藏时间下南极磷虾肌原纤维蛋白MFI值的影响,随着冻藏时间延长,各组MP的MFI显著增大(P<0.05),冻藏时间为180 d时,各组MP的MFI值达到最大,这些结果表明,较长的冻藏时间显著破坏了肌原纤维蛋白结构的完整性。在冻藏过程中,冰晶的形成会刺穿肌肉组织膜,导致肌原纤维蛋白发生降解,从而使MFI值显著升高;同时,肌肉组织中脂质和蛋白质的氧化反应会进一步破坏细胞超微结构,这也促使MFI值持续增加[33]。此外,除了冰晶对肌纤维造成的机械损伤外,酶解效应是肌原纤维降解的另一个原因,在低温下,肌肉组织内源酶(如组织蛋白酶和钙蛋白酶)的活性也相应升高[34],这些酶会逐渐将MP降解掉,从而提高了MFI值[35]。与0 d相比,当冻藏时间为180 d时,对照组、KGM组、HMW KGM组、MMW KGM组和LMW KGM组的MFI分别增加了27.63%±1.09%、16.94%±0.61%、10.44%±0.35%、8.06%±0.22%和12.44%±0.35%,其中MMW KGM组的MFI值增加幅度最小,表明MMW KGM对维持冻藏过程中肌原纤维蛋白的完整性效果最佳。
持水力是指南极磷虾在加工和储存过程中保留固有水分的能力,对维持虾肉的口感和质量发挥着至关重要的作用。图5为添加不同分子量KGM对冻藏期间MP凝胶持水力的影响。随着冻藏时间逐渐延长,MP凝胶持水力呈下降趋势,这与Zhang等[36]的研究结果一致,且冻藏180 d的MP凝胶的持水力显著低于冻藏0、60和120 d的MP凝胶的持水力(P<0.05),以对照组为例,从冻藏0 d至180 d,MP凝胶的持水力从88.79%±2.31%分别下降至72.34%±1.98%、62.17%±3.44%和53.24%±2.76%,这是因为南极磷虾肉中的水分主要以游离水的形式存在。其中,一部分游离水分布于肌原纤维和结缔组织的间隙中,而另一部分则通过氢键或静电相互作用与蛋白质、糖类等分子的极性基团(如羧基、羟基等)结合,形成结合水。在冷冻贮藏过程中,蛋白质周围的疏水/亲水结合键被破坏,与蛋白质结合的水变成自由水,导致持水能力下降[37]。此外,冰晶的形成对肌原纤维的组织结构造成一定的损伤,这也是影响南极磷虾持水力的重要因素[38]
在相同冻藏天数下,添加不同分子量KGM显著提高了MP凝胶的持水力,其中添加MMW KGM的效果最显著(P<0.05),这是因为MMW KGM既能与MP通过氢键或静电相互作用形成足够的交联点,又不会因分子量过高导致空间位阻或过度缠结,破坏凝胶均匀性,这种适度的交联有助于形成更致密且稳定的三维网络结构,从而有效地截留水分。在冻藏60 d时,KGM组、HMW KGM组、MMW KGM组和LMW KGM组的持水力分别为73.24%±2.78%、80.22%±2.78%、85.43%±4.54%和75.64%±2.76%,比对照组分别提高了0.9%、7.88%、13.09%和3.3%(P<0.05);当冻藏天数延长至180 d时,KGM组、HMW KGM组、MMW KGM组和LMW KGM组的持水力分别为54.14%±1.76%、61.90%±3.97%、67.66%±2.58%和58.76%±2.79%,比对照组分别提高了0.9%、8.66%、14.42%和5.52%(P<0.05),且酶解后KGM对持水力的影响显著优于未酶解的KGM。一些研究证实,高水平的持水力通常与良好的凝胶结构有关[3940],因为良好的凝胶网络结构有助于结合水的留存,这也表明酶解KGM的添加有助于南极磷虾肌原纤维蛋白凝胶网络的形成,避免被冰晶破坏,此外,Zeng等[41]发现酶解KGM通过改变MP凝胶的二级结构改善持水力。
不同分子量KGM对MP凝胶硬度的影响如图6(A)所示。新鲜状态下,各组凝胶的硬度无显著差异(P>0.05),随着冻藏时间的延长,各处理组MP凝胶的硬度均显著降低(P<0.05),且冻藏180 d后的硬度显著低于冻藏0、60和120 d的硬度(P<0.05),这可能是由于在冻藏储存过程中形成的冰晶破坏了肌肉细胞,引起肌肉蛋白质变性聚集,导致肌肉硬度下降,此外,也有研究者认为钙蛋白酶和组织蛋白酶可以作用于南极磷虾肌原纤维蛋白[42]。具体而言,在Ca2+存在的条件下,钙蛋白酶被激活后能够特异性识别并切割肌原纤维蛋白中的特定肽键,这种选择性水解作用会显著破坏肌原纤维的结构完整性,促使游离的肌球蛋白和肌动蛋白释放,进而导致蛋白质交联能力下降和质地软化。与此同时,组织蛋白酶则通过直接水解肌球蛋白重链和肌动蛋白,将其降解为更小的肽段,进一步加剧肌原纤维蛋白的结构解离,这两种蛋白酶的协同作用共同促进了南极磷虾肌原纤维蛋白的降解过程,导致硬度降低。然而,不同分子量KGM的加入显著抑制了MP凝胶硬度的降低,冻藏保存180 d后,KGM组、HMW KGM组、MMW KGM组和LMW KGM组凝胶硬度分别为254.14±6.76、299.98±8.97、375.85±6.78和258.76±7.79 g,显著高于对照组(236.54±8.47 g)(P<0.05),MP凝胶硬度的增加可能与酶解后KGM对肌原纤维蛋白结构的影响有关,其中MMW KGM的影响最显著,降解KGM亲水性的提高有助于抑制冰结晶的形成,从而减轻冰晶对蛋白质结构的破坏,这些发现与凝胶持水力研究结果是一致的。
弹性反映的是食物在外力作用下的变形程度和撤去后的恢复程度。从图6(B)可知,新鲜MP凝胶(冻藏0 d)的肌肉弹性为3.87 mm,且新鲜状态下各组凝胶的硬度无显著差异(P>0.05),冻藏180 d后,各组凝胶弹性均呈现显著的下降趋势(P<0.05),这可能是由于在冻藏过程中冰晶破坏肌肉组织所致,Wang等[43]还证实,这可能是因为冻藏前期微生物与酶仍保持较高活性,不断降解结构蛋白,加速了弹性的降低。与对照组相比,添加了酶解后KGM的凝胶表现出更好的凝胶弹性,其中MMW KGM组的弹性最好,在MMW KGM添加后,凝胶弹性从3.88±0.08 g减少到3.65±0.06 g(60 d),3.32±0.07 g(120 d)和2.78±0.08 g(180 d),特别是冷冻180 d后,MMW KGM组的凝胶弹性比对照组高24.10%,结果表明,在冻藏期间,MP凝胶特性明显变差,MMW KGM显著抑制了MP凝胶弹性的降低(P<0.05),这可能是由于MMW KGM的加入维持了更好的氢键和疏水相互作用,另一方面,MMW KGM能够阻止冰晶的生长,从而减弱冻藏对蛋白质变性的影响,更好地保留南极磷虾原本的弹性,这与Wu等[44]的研究结果是相似的。
不同分子量KGM对肌原纤维蛋白热力学性质的影响见表1,峰值温度(Tp)代表蛋白质变性的温度,ΔH对应诱导蛋白质变性所需的能量。随着冻藏时间的增加,Tp和△H的值均显著降低(P<0.05),△H的变化与蛋白质分子内部相互作用(如氢键和离子键)的破坏有关,当蛋白质发生去折叠时,原本包埋的疏水基团暴露并与水分子结合,导致体系△H降低。与此同时,蛋白质热稳定性的持续下降表明,冻藏环境对MP的三级结构造成了显著破坏,这与表面疏水性结果是一致的,这一现象可归因于冷冻过程中的相分离效应:随着温度降低,细胞内的自由水逐渐结晶形成冰晶,而溶质组分(包括离子、蛋白质和糖类等)则被排挤至未冻结的液相中,导致局部溶质浓度显著升高。这种浓缩效应会从两方面影响蛋白质稳定性:其一,高离子强度环境直接破坏蛋白质分子的静电平衡;其二,溶质浓缩促使蛋白质分子通过新形成的共价键发生聚集。这些分子间相互作用不仅引起蛋白质构象改变,还会导致颗粒尺寸增大,最终引发蛋白质变性[45]。Yan等[46]也发现冻藏处理会加速南极磷虾肌原纤维蛋白的变性,与本文结果一致。由表1可知,在相同的冻藏天数下,随着不同分子量KGM的添加,蛋白Tp和△H均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其中MMW KGM组的Tp和△H值最大,说明MMW KGM的添加能提高蛋白质结构的稳定性,从而改变肌原纤维蛋白变性所需要的温度和能量,此外,有研究表明热变性温度的改变是由蛋白质侧链基团修饰、交联及其与其他化合物的相互作用引起的[47]
随着冻藏时间的延长,1.5974×106、1.2769×106 Da和0.6912×106 Da的酶解KGM均能够显著抑制冻藏过程中南极磷虾MP结构的改变,其中与对照组相比,羰基含量、表面疏水性、粒径、肌原纤维断裂指数减少,同时,能有效维持MP的凝胶特性,包括持水力、硬度和弹性,其中1.2769×106 Da酶解KGM延缓肌原纤维蛋白变性的效果更为明显。通过对比3种酶解KGM对MP结构的影响,化学键水平变化结果表明,经1.2769×106 Da处理的南极磷虾肌原纤维蛋白经过180 d的冻藏后,其空间结构和凝胶特性与对照组相比较为稳定;DSC结果表明,1.2769×106 Da的KGM可显著提高Tp和△H值。由此可见,MMW KGM可以作为防冻剂从而替代水产品中常规的磷酸盐保水剂。
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2026年第47卷第9期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030355
  • 接收时间:2025-03-28
  • 首发时间:2026-05-13
  • 出版时间:2026-05-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-28
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    1.齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院),山东省科学院生物研究所,山东济南 250103
    2.山东省海洋功能食品技术创新中心,山东威海 264305

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崔婷婷(1990−),女,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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