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Outline
In recent years, with the continuous development and utilization of characteristic products such as Panax ginseng flower tea and Panax notoginseng flower beverages, as well as the rapid growth of the functional food sector, research on flowers of Panax species has attracted increasing attention. As an important component of Panax plants, these flowers are rich in diverse bioactive compounds, including ginsenosides, polyphenols, flavonoids,polysaccharides and volatile constituents, and exhibit various biological activities such as antioxidant,anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective and anti-fatigue effects. This review systematically summarized recent advances in the chemical composition, biological activities and underlying mechanisms of Panax species flowers (including Panax notoginseng flower, Panax ginseng flower and Panax quinquefolius flower). It further focused on the current applications and advantages of different flower resources in functional food development, and compared the relationships between their bioactive components and health benefits. In addition, it discussed future perspectives on the high-value utilization of Panax flower resources, the development of functional products and applications in precision nutrition, aiming to provide theoretical references and scientific support for both fundamental research and industrial applications in this field.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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