To investigate the effect of moderate enzymatic hydrolysis process on the quality of walnut milk.
Walnut milk was treated with flavor protease and alkaline protease (the ratio was 2:1) under different enzymatic hydrolysis times: Blank control (no enzyme), 0 min (enzyme added and immediately inactivated), 30 min, 60 min and 120 min. The nutritional components, physical stability, aroma components and sensory quality of walnut milk were systematically analyzed.
The nutritional components of walnut milk treated under different enzymatic hydrolysis times were different. With the increase of enzymatic hydrolysis time, the content of oligopeptides and free amino acids in the samples increased, reaching the highest levels at 120 min. The stability kinetic index of walnut milk after enzymatic hydrolysis for 30 min was the lowest and the stability was better.Enzymatic hydrolysis improved the aroma characteristics of walnut milk, increasing both the diversity and abundance of volatile compounds. Sensory evaluation showed that enzymatic hydrolysis enhanced the aroma intensity of walnut milk and the mouthfeel became smoother and more delicate, with the 30 min hydrolysate receiving the best overall acceptability.
Enzymatic hydrolysis for 30 min is the optimal time that provides the best overall balance for walnut milk. At this time, the nutritional composition, stability, flavor and sensory quality of walnut milk are improved.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |