To study the application of intelligent blockchain technology in the field of food traceability.

This study constructed a system architecture that integrates internet of things (IoT) data collection, blockchain distributed storage and automatic execution of smart contracts. The core smart contract modules such as user verification, data storage and transaction update were designed and implemented; taking the dairy product supply chain as a case, deployment and testing were carried out on the Hyperledger Fabric platform.

Compared to traditional My Structured Query Language (MySQL) clusters, this system reduced the traceability response time from 68.2 h to 8.9 h (a reduction of 86.8%), ensured 100% consistency of data between nodes under normal consensus mechanism operation conditions and reduced the risk of data tampering from 22.1% to 0.7% (a decrease of 96.8%). In addition, a 30 d stability test showed that the system had less than 0.5 daily failures and a node synchronization success rate of over 99.9%.

From this, it can be seen that the collaborative solution of on chain metadata indexing and off chain distributed storage proposed in this study balanced data traceability and system storage scalability. Through modular smart contract design, the automation and trustworthy flow of supply chain data has been achieved, providing feasible technical solutions and empirical evidence for building an efficient, transparent and trustworthy food traceability system.