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Tricholoma matsutake is a high-quality edible wild fungi in China, rich in a variety of nutritional constituents. Research shows that Tricholoma matsutake contains Tricholoma matsutake polysaccharides, Tricholoma matsutake proteins, Tricholoma matsutake polyphenols, sugar alcohols and other nutrients, high nutritional value, delicious taste, with the promotion of intestinal peristalsis, antioxidant, activation of the immune system, anticancer, antihypertension, antidiabetic and other efficacy, is known as “King of Fungi”. The principal production regions of Tricholoma matsutake in China is divided into the southwest region, such as Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province and other places, as well as the northeastern region, such as Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province. Due to the different genetic backgrounds and growth environments of different production areas, the types and content of nutrients contained in Tricholoma matsutake are also different. Tapping into the nutritional quality characteristics of local Tricholoma matsutake is the basis for developing local specialty Tricholoma matsutake industry and creating regional brands. This paper systematically summarized and compared the main nutritional characteristics of the Tricholoma matsutake produced in the main producing regions of China. In general, the total fat content of the matsutake mushrooms in the producing regions was lower and the protein content was higher, among which the amino acid and crude fiber contents were higher in the southwestern producing region, while the northeastern producing region had lower fat content and higher average protein content. This review will provide new ideas and theoretical basis for the development of specialty food and health food of Tricholoma matsutake in each production area in China.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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