In order to scientifically evaluate vulnerability of heavy rainfall and waterlogging in subway Stations, determine the sensitivity index as well as improve the management level of the heavy rainfall and waterlogging in subway stations, an evaluation method based on IOWA-VAC was proposed. Firstly, an evaluation index system was constructed based on Pressure-State-Response (PSR) theory. Then, the index data was reordered in ascending order by using the IOWA operator, and the final weight of the new data was obtained by introducing coefficients θ to dynamically adjust the interval boundary weights. The Vector Angle Cosine (VAC) was introduced to test the closeness of the consistency between the target score vector to be evaluated and the ideal target vector, so as to realize the transformation from algebraic thinking to spatial geometry thinking, and the target grade to be evaluated was obtained. Single factor sensitivity analysis was used to determine the sensitivity index. The practicability of the evaluation model was verified by taking the Yansi station of Zhengzhou Metro Line 5 construction projects as examples. The results show that the vulnerability level of the Yansi station of Zhengzhou Metro Line 5 is Ⅳ, with high risk. Thus, it provides feasible suggestion for vulnerability management of heavy rainfall and waterlogging in subway stations.

As the time goes by, the seal of the bearing oil tank cover of the hydropower station is gradually worn, the gap between dynamic and static increases, and the oil mist escapes seriously. In order to explore the influence of wear clearance and unit speed on oil mist leakage in oil tank seal, a geometric model of thrust bearing oil tank seal of generator was established. Using SST κ-ω turbulence model, steady state numerical simulation was carried out for oil mist leakage at different clearances (0.2 mm-2 mm) and rotating speeds (100 r/min-500 r/min). It is found that the influence of clearance value on oil mist leakage is much higher than that of rotational speed. With the increase of clearance, the throttling effect of sealing teeth is weakened, the sealing inlet pressure is reduced, and the oil mist leakage at the top of the tank cover is aggravated. The inlet and outlet velocity increases with the increase of wear clearance value. When the clearance value increases from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, the inlet velocity increases from 20 m/s to 113 m/s, the outlet speed increases from 76 m/s to 144 m/s, the leakage volume increases from 0.034 4 kg/s to 0.053 8 kg/s. The research can provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of sealing structure, the formulation of power station operation strategy, and the judgment of sealing performance.

Drought index is crucial to the study of drought. With the influence of climate change and human activities, the frequency distribution of hydrological time series changes with time, so the nonstationary of drought index needs to be considered. The standardized precipitation index (S_SPI) considers that the precipitation obeys the Gamma distribution, the corresponding distribution function parameters are usually stationary and invariable. The actual distribution function parameters have a certain correlation with the time series. Therefore, based on the GAMLSS model, the nonstationary Gamma distribution model of precipitation series was constructed with time series as covariate. The nonstationary standardized precipitation index N_NSPI was calculated. Taking Yunnan Province as an example, the monthly N_NSPI and S_SPI during 1960 to 2019 were calculated respectively. Comparing the two indices, it is found that the overall trend of drought recognition results of the two indices is similar. However, in 1960~1985, the number and grade of droughts identified by N_NSPI were stronger than those identified by S_SPI, and the two were similar in 1986~2005. In 2006~2019, the number and grade of droughts identified by S_SPI gradually exceeded those identified by S_SPI. Further analysis shows that the N_NSPI with considering the time-varying distribution function parameters can more accurately reflect the actual drought situation.

Conventional methods such as deformation monitoring, laser scanning and ground-based radar have certain limitations in the scene of high slope near the dam of hydropower station, so it is difficult to find the hidden dangers of high slope disasters near the dam in time and early-warning slope accidents. Taking a hydropower station in Jinsha River Basin as the research object, this paper proposes a high slope displacement detection method based on the UAV proximity photography, which mainly includes the UAV proximity photography data acquisition method for accurate path planning, generation of the SFM-MVS 3D model and point cloud model, and point cloud comparison algorithm based on adjacent 3D grid plane. Data acquisition, accuracy analysis and displacement comparison are carried out in the study area. The results show that the accuracy of this method in both horizontal and vertical directions reaches millimeter level, which can meet the needs of large-scale and high-precision displacement detection of high slope near the dam, and has strong scientific research and engineering practical value.

It is of great practical significance for flood control and drought relief in the basin to accurately identify the variation characteristics of the extreme value of "hydrological consistency" caused by changing environment. Therefore, this paper took the Yellow River basin with significantly reduced runoff as an example. Firstly, The Mann-Kendall test method and univariate linear regression method were used to accurately identify the abrupt and trend characteristics of runoff at important hydrological stations in the main stream of the Yellow River. Secondly, 13 hydrological characteristic indexes were used to reveal the temporal and spatial variation law of hydrological characteristics of the basin under the condition of inconsistency. The results show that the annual runoff of Tangnaihai, Toudaoguai, Huayuankou and Lijin stations decreases year by year at the rate of 27.46, 105.75, 172.20 and 141.37 m³/(s·10a) respectively, and the abrupt change years are 1989, 1992, 1992 and 1984 respectively. Before and after runoff variation, 13 hydrological characteristic values vary in time and space scale, and the change degree in the middle reaches is large, and the source area is small. The research results provide important theoretical support for determining the development and utilization mode of water resources in the basin.

The determination of water conservancy project construction scheme is one of the most important decisions during the whole project construction period, which has an important impact on the progress and cost of the project. Considering the influence of main construction machinery and team configuration on construction period and cost, this paper established SVR model to simulate different construction schemes and corresponding construction period and cost data, and used multi-objective genetic algorithm to optimize construction schemes. Taking a box culvert project of South-to-North Water Transfer as an example, optimization model was established considering both construction period and cost. The optimization of project construction scheme was realized, and the applicability and accuracy of the model and method were verified.

In order to enhance the efficiency and rationality of water resources allocation in Minjiang River, a water allocation index system including the monitoring rate of water intake, the rate of water quality of control sections meeting the standards and the early warning of discharge was established from the perspective of water resources management and assessment effectiveness. And then the quantitative calculation of the water intake of each water-taking city and the importance of each index were carried out by the comprehensive weighting method which combines the subjective and objective factors. The results show that the results of water intake distribution are consistent with the actual of water diversion, and the demand of water resources in Chengdu, Meishan and other cities in the middle reaches of Minjiang River is large, which can provide a basis for water resources regulation and water rights trading in Minjiang River. The supervision rate of water intake and the rate of water quality of control section are of great weight among the 6 new indexes, which provides an idea for constructing a new index system of water allocation. The results of water diversion take into account both the health of rivers and the requirements of water environment, and try to directly link the benefits of water resources management with water diversion, which can provide reference for actual water diversion, and urges each area to have the emphasis to continue to do well the water resources management and the appraisal related work.

Revealing the characteristics of basin runoff evolution and quantitatively identifying the contribution of driving factors is essential for adaptive water resources management and water security in basins. Based on the measured monthly runoff series from 1960-2015 at the NO.2 hydrological station in the source area of the Ulungur River and the meteorological and human water and soil resources development and utilization image data for the same period, the sliding removal wavelet analysis method, the Mann-Kendall trend test method and the sliding t test method were used to analyze the evolution trend and mutation characteristics of the hydrometeorological elements sequence. The elastic coefficient method based on the Budyko hypothesis was used to identify the contribution rates of climate changes and human activities to runoff change in the study area. The results show that there is a non-significant upward trend in runoff series, a significant upward trend in precipitation series and a significant downward trend in potential evapotranspiration series in the Ulungur River source area; The runoff series changed abruptly in 1995, with the sensitivity coefficients of runoff to precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and subsurface characteristics increasing by 8.8%, 25.0% and 7.8% respectively in the change period 1995-2015 compared to the base period 1960-1994; The contribution of changes in precipitation and potential evapotranspiration and subsurface characteristics parameters to runoff changes are 39.2%, 7.0% and 53.8% respectively. The runoff changes in the study area are driven by a combination of human activities and climatic elements, with human activities being the main driving factors.

The precipitation and ice melt water supply in Huma River Basin have a great impact on the runoff changes of the main stream of Heilongjiang Province. Climate change is an important factor affecting the precipitation and ice melt water of the Huma River. By collecting the data of Huma, Xinlin, Tahe, Huzhong meteorological stations and Humaqiao hydrological stations in the basin, combined with the DEM data, land use data and soil data, a SWAT runoff model suitable for the basin was constructed to simulate the monthly runoff. At the same time, the response of runoff to climate change in the basin was studied by setting temperature and precipitation gradients through the weather generator. The results show that the SWAT model has good adaptability in the basin, and the R² and N_NSE in the calibration and validation periods have reached the evaluation standard of the model. The runoff of Huma River Basin is much more sensitive to precipitation changes than temperature, and precipitation is the main control factor of runoff changes in the basin.

A SWAT model of the upper Paraná River basin in Brazil was constructed to test its applicability in largescale watershed. The sensitivity parameters of the model were analyzed. Then the model was calibrated and validated using 17 runoff stations. The results show that the soil evaporation compensation coefficient (ESCO) and the SCS runoff curve number (CN2) are the most sensitive parameters for the sub-basins with a high density of rain gauged stations, the model could simulate the discharge well after calibration, and the R² values of 11 stations among 17 calibration stations were greater than 0.5; Affected by factors such as insufficient precipitation data and changes in land use, the model in validation period did not perform as well as in the calibration period. Thus, the SWAT model could be used as an effective tool for large-scale watersheds, but the simulation accuracy largely depends on the quality of precipitation data.