In response to the challenges of significant water hammer protection difficulty at the terminal section of long-distance water conveyance projects and the complexity of dynamic regulation for pressure extremes, The characteristic line method for transient flow calculation was used to investigate the impact characteristics of dynamic closure of different branch line valves on pipeline pressure control during pump shutdown. Research demonstrates that in terminal water hammer protection for long-distance water supply pipelines, implementing a multi-unit one-way surge tank system with coordinated stepwise protection achieves good protective effect. When adopting a phased closure strategy for mainline-branch line valves, accelerating the closure of one branch valve can enhance protective performance. Reducing the cross-sectional area of one-way surge tanks can reduce the final water level of the towers, enabling dynamic regulation of pressure extremes without affecting the minimum pressure. The study elucidates the collaborative wave-dissipation mechanism between multi-tank joint protection and branch valve closure coordination. An optimal water hammer protection solution is proposed that balances engineering safety and economic benefit. These findings provide theoretical basis for designing long-distance water conveyance systems in complex terrains.

The effective utilization of digital simulation technology for the synergistic optimization of secondary water supply systems and urban main water supply systems has emerged as a critical necessity in the water supply sector. This optimization aims to achieve leakage control in pipelines and reduce energy consumption while aligning with carbon neutrality objectives. This study presents a comprehensive approach that incorporates the sum of water charges and electricity costs as the objective function, leveraging a combination of EPANET 2.2, MATLAB, and the EPANET-MATLAB Toolkit. We propose an optimization model that employs the Cuckoo Search Algorithm to facilitate the real-time scheduling of pump operations and inflow rates within the secondary water supply system. The proposed optimization model was validated through application to a small-scale water supply network. The results show that the total costs reduce 3.5% over a 24-hour period, with water charges decreasing by 0.63% and electricity costs decreasing by 9.9%. The developed optimization model serves as a significant reference for the future advancement of green, safe, and intelligent water supply management practices.

To enhance operational efficiency and safety of low-lift, high-flow vertical shaft tubular pumping station, taking a large-scale pumping station in Tianjin for an example, the optimization design of inlet and outlet flow passages was conducted by the CFD numerical simulations. The practical aspects including flow passage head loss, velocity uniformity, motor chamber space, and hoisting equipment capacity were studied. By considering the characteristic flow rates and lift of the pumping station, optimal combinations of hydraulic models and flow passages were selected. The overall energy performance of the pumping station system was simulated to evaluate its applicability and efficiency. The design scheme was further validated through physical model tests. The results demonstrate that inlet flow passage schemes J1 and J2 exhibited favorable velocity uniformity and head loss characteristics, with scheme J1 showing marginally superior performance. For outlet flow passages, schemes C1 and C2 displayed comparable performance, though C2 offered a more rational equipment layout due to its shorter transition section. The combined scheme J2+C2 proved suitable for low-lift, high-flow pumping stations when considering motor chamber dimensions and gate design. Ultimately, the TJ04-ZL-06 hydraulic model (impeller diameter of 4 m, rotational speed of 88.9 r/min, blade installation angle of -6°) was recommended, ensuring safe and efficient operation across the specified lift and flow rate ranges.

To study the vibration characteristics when the steel flow channel of the pumping station interacts with unsteady turbulence, this article establishes a fully coupled vibration analysis model of pump room-pump-water system with steel flow channel using ADINA software. The law of fluid pressure pulsation in the entire flow channel is studied. The time history and frequency spectrum characteristics of the vibration displacement of the steel flow channel structure are analyzed. The results show that fluid pressure pulsation in the steel flow channel is generated at the impeller and transmitted to the inlet and outlet channels, respectively. The vibration characteristics of the steel flow channel structure are similar to the pressure pulsation of the fluid, indicating that the vibration of the steel flow channel is mainly affected by the interaction between the water pressure pulsation caused by the rotation of the impeller and the pipe wall of the flow channel.

The hydraulic performance in the suction pool of the pump house directly affects the safe and stable operation of the circulating pump. A physical model was established based on the actual project of a pump house for power plant. The effects of combinations such as the height and quantity of the diversion piers and diversion walls in the forebasin and suction pool of the pumping station, as well as the submerged depth of the water blocking breast wall, on the hydraulic performance of the suction pool in pumping station were studied through physical model experiments. The results show that no rectification measures are taken in the front pool and suction pool of the pump house, reflux vortex appears in the suction pool, and vibration noise occurs in the circulating pump. The double row diversion pier is arranged in the suction pool to increase the bottom elevation of the retaining wall in the suction pool of the pump house, while reducing the height of the second row diversion pier. The uneven distribution of flow velocity in the suction pool of sections G and H and the weighted average angle of flow velocity increase the most. The rectification effect in the suction pool of the pump house is the best. The research results can provide reference for the rectification measures in suction pool of similar pump house.

Aiming at the problems of excessive vibration, high noise and low efficiency existing in the same-speed reverse power generation of Huaiyin No.2 Pumping Station, a scheme including a four-quadrant frequency converter, a bypass system and protection setting is proposed, and its mechanism of action in the reverse power generation process is analyzed. The three-stage architecture of the four-quadrant frequency conversion system provides a topological basis for bidirectional energy flow. The interlocking mechanism of the bypass system solves the safety problem of multi-condition switching. The hierarchical protection system realizes the risk control of the whole life cycle of equipment. The vibration online monitoring system and energy efficiency curve comparison are used to verify the effect. The results show that under the four-quadrant frequency conversion speed reduction power generation mode, the vibration amplitude of the impeller chamber is reduced by 78.11%, the power generation efficiency is increased by 45.05%, and the noise is reduced by 10 dB. Various performances are significantly improved, which provides theoretical support for the standardization of reverse power generation technology in low-lift pumping stations.

An improved hybrid prediction model SSA-BP based on intelligent optimization algorithms was developed to address the complex nonlinearities and uncertainties inherent in slope displacement prediction in reservoir areas. This methodology effectively overcomes the limitations of the traditional BP networks, such as slow training speed and susceptibility to local optimum so as to improve the accuracy and robustness of slope displacement prediction. Through the global optimization of initial weights and thresholds using the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA), convergence and adaptability of the model was improved. The proposed model was trained using five-month real-time displacement monitoring data obtained from the Zhangjiawan slope. A comparative performance analysis was conducted between the SSA-BP model and BP networks optimized by genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The results demonstrate that the SSA-BP model achieves rapid convergence within 24 iterations, significantly outperforming the comparative models. Evaluation metrics including root mean square error, mean absolute percentage error , and coefficient of determination (R²) reveal superior performance of the SSA-BP model. This research presents a reliable and efficient intelligent approach for accurate and robust slope displacement prediction in reservoir area.

Anomaly detection in gravity dam monitoring data is critical for dam safety assessment. To overcome limitations of existing methods in pattern identification and feature extraction, this paper proposes a hybrid anomaly pattern detection method based on VMD-SSA-KMeans-iForest. By introducing variational mode decomposition (VMD) to optimize the decomposition process, the accuracy and robustness of feature extraction is significantly improved. Furthermore, an anomaly detection framework is established by combining K-means with isolation forest. This method is applied to the identification of abnormal data of the W gravity dam. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a 2.5% improvement in anomaly detection accuracy while effectively distinguishing between anomalies caused by structural damage and those resulting from instrument failure,which provides more reliable technical support for the safety assessment of gravity dams.

This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the safety status of earth-rock dams.The seepage conditions of the earth-rock dam were calculated using the equivalent method in conjunction with Autobank software. The dam slope stability analysis and seismic safety evaluation were performed using the Bishop method. The results indicate that the maximum daily leakage of the dam accounts for only 0.25% of the total reservoir capacity, which is relatively low. Additionally, the infiltration line is below the design value, and the infiltration ratio drop at the escape point is within permissible limits, indicating no risk of seepage damage. The safety coefficients for anti-slip stability of both the upper and lower slopes exceed the minimum values specified in the regulations, confirming that the dam slope stability meets the required standards. These findings provide a scientific basis and technical support for the safety management and future maintenance of reservoir dams, ensuring the high-quality development of water conservancy projects.

In response to the problem of traditional machine vision technology requiring specialized targets to assist in measuring dam surface settlement in complex terrain, this study proposes a machine vision measurement technology for dam surface settlement using the natural patterns or natural features (such as bedrock, mountain body, etc.) of the existing objects on the dam surface as markers. A fixed point region image registration method that simplifies the projection model has been developed. By deriving and simplifying the estimation of the projection model, the application scenarios of the model have been extended, and the image can be effectively corrected. An accelerated robust feature transformation algorithm is integrated to extract the features of natural markers, accurately match the image feature lattice, and then calculate the average pixel displacement of the markers. By obtaining the proportional relationship between pixel distance and physical distance, the true displacement of the markers can be calculated. The experimental results show that within a monitoring distance of 70 m, the measurement accuracy is in the range of -1.00 mm and 1.00 mm, effectively solving the problem of low-cost wide area monitoring of dam surface settlement, which can be applied in practical engineering.