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To clarify the first flush characteristics of particulate and dissolved pollutants in urban roof and road runoff and to scientifically determine the first flush volume (VFF), this study investigated the typical cement roof and asphalt road runoff in Beijing using the M (V) curve method. The approach involved calculating average pollutant concentrations in specified runoff increments during rainfall events to assess water quality variations, quantify VFF, and evaluate corresponding runoff pollution control effectiveness. The results show that the pollution levels of particulate and dissolved chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phosphorus in runoff from asphalt road are significantly higher than those from cement roof (p<0.05), but no such significant difference is observed for particulate and dissolved nitrogen. Particulate pollutants in cement roof runoff exhibit a stronger first flush phenomenon, whereas the first flush phenomenon of dissolved pollutants is more pronounced in asphalt road runoff. Except for the pollution indicators with weaker first flush phenomenon, there are significant differences between VFF of COD, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) and their particulate or dissolved indicators. According to the current national standard, the first 3 mm of runoff shall be discarded, cement roof and asphalt road can achieve SS pollution control rates of (65.26±32.40)% and (65.43±23.81)%, respectively, and COD pollution control rates of (58.17±32.49)% and (59.06±31.48)%, respectively. Higher runoff pollution control results will be obtained if VFF is determined based on actual monitoring data. The findings will provide reference for implementing targeted control strategies and methods for particulate and dissolved pollutants in urban stormwater runoff.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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