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Full-spectrum solar energy utilization through spectral splitting offers an effective pathway to improve overall solar energy conversion efficiency by allocating different wavelength bands to suitable energy conversion devices. Linear Fresnel lens-based systems are particularly attractive due to their structural simplicity and scalability. However, the optical efficiency and optical distribution uniformity of such systems are highly sensitive to structural parameters and tracking deviations. The objective of this study is to enhance the optical performance of a linear Fresnel lens-based full-spectrum solar splitting system by optimizing the installation configuration of the photovoltaic (PV) module and by systematically evaluating the influence of incident angle deviations on system performance.
An optical ray-tracing model of the proposed system was established using TracePro software. The model incorporated the geometric configuration of the linear Fresnel lens, spectral splitting characteristics, PV module positioning, and reflective components. To ensure model reliability, a prototype system was constructed, and experimental measurements were conducted under controlled conditions. The simulation results were validated against experimental data by comparing optical efficiency values. Subsequently, a parametric study was performed to investigate the influence of PV module installation height and tilt angle on the optical distribution uniformity and total optical efficiency. In addition, the effects of lateral and longitudinal incident angle deviations, which represent practical solar tracking errors, were quantitatively analyzed. Key performance indicators included total optical efficiency and optical distribution uniformity on the PV surface.
The comparison between simulation and experimental results showed a relative error within 1%, confirming the accuracy and validity of the established optical model. Parametric optimization revealed that when the PV module installation height was set to 540 mm and the inclination angle was 135°, the system achieved optimal optical performance. Under these conditions, the PV surface attained a maximum optical distribution uniformity of 0.86, and the total optical efficiency reached 80.1%. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that optical performance is significantly affected by incident angle deviations. When the lateral deviation angle increased from 0° to 3.0°, the total optical efficiency decreased from 80.1% to 67.1%, while the optical distribution uniformity declined from 0.86 to 0.79. The influence of longitudinal deviation was even more pronounced. As the longitudinal deviation angle increased from 0° to 30.0°, the total optical efficiency sharply decreased from 80.1% to 26.4%, and the optical distribution uniformity dropped from 0.86 to 0.74. These results indicate that longitudinal tracking errors have a more severe impact on optical performance than lateral deviations, highlighting the importance of precise solar tracking in practical operation.
This study establishes and experimentally validates an accurate optical model for a linear Fresnel lens-based full-spectrum solar splitting system. The results demonstrate that appropriate configuration of PV installation parameters can significantly enhance optical distribution uniformity and overall optical efficiency. Furthermore, the system exhibits strong sensitivity to incident angle deviations, particularly in the longitudinal direction, which must be carefully controlled in engineering applications. The findings provide theoretical support and quantitative guidance for the structural design, parameter optimization, and operational control of full-spectrum solar splitting systems, contributing to the advancement of high-efficiency solar energy utilization technologies.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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