With the expansion and continuous development of the photovoltaic power generation industry, photovoltaic modules will face large-scale decommissioning in the coming years, and the recycling of modules has become an important issue for global energy sustainability and the circular economy system. Decommissioned photovoltaic modules are rich in high-value precious metal elements such as silicon, silver, and aluminum, but also contain toxic substances such as lead and fluorides, which can cause significant harm to the environment and human health if not properly handled. The current development status and decommissioning status of the photovoltaic power generation industry, as well as the structure and main components and values of photovoltaic modules, are summarized. The principles, advantages, and disadvantages of recycling technologies such as physical methods, thermal treatment methods, and chemical methods are analyzed and compared. Moreover, the progress of recycling technologies in China is investigated. Finally, the recycling of waste photovoltaic modules is systematically summarized and prospected, providing a scientific basis and decision-making support for the low-carbon development and resource recycling of the photovoltaic power generation industry.

abandoned photovoltaic modules  /  recycling technology  /  cascaded utilization  /  resource cycle