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A variable gain adaptive sliding mode observer for SOC estimation in lithium batteries
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Jian SUN1, 2, Chao GAO1, Yuhao BI1
Thermal Power Generation | 2025, 54(3) : 51 - 58
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Thermal Power Generation | 2025, 54(3): 51-58
• Energy storage technology •
A variable gain adaptive sliding mode observer for SOC estimation in lithium batteries
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Jian SUN1, 2, Chao GAO1, Yuhao BI1
Affiliations
  • 1.The College of Electrical Engineering & New Energy of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
  • 2.Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center For New Energy Microgrid (China Three Gorges University), Yichang 443002, China
Published: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202407188
Outline
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The dynamic model of lithium-ion batteries has typical nonlinearities and uncertainties, the estimation accuracy of the state of charge (SOC) of the lithium-ion batteries directly affects the effect of the monitoring and controlling in battery management system (BMS). To enhance the estimation accuracy of the SOC of the lithium-ion batteries, an adaptive sliding mode observer, which based on a variable gain for lithium-ion battery SOC estimating model is proposed. By using the robustness of the sliding mode observer and based on the second-order RC equivalent circuit model, an integral term is introduced in conventional sliding mode surface to improve the robustness on sliding mode surface, and a gradient descent rule is adopted to achieve gain adaptation to reduce the chattering of observer and improve prediction accuracy and robustness. Simultaneously, the stability of the proposed method is proved using Lyapunov theory. Finally, the proposed method is validated and compared with the sliding mode observe (SMO) method under dynamic stress test (DST) and Federal urban driving schedule (FUDS) conditions. The proposed method has less chattering in estimation with higher estimation accuracy and good robustness.

state of charge  /  sliding mode observer  /  gain adaptive
Jian SUN, Chao GAO, Yuhao BI. A variable gain adaptive sliding mode observer for SOC estimation in lithium batteries[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (3) : 51 -58 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202407188
Funding
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  • National Natural Science Foundation of China(52077120)
  • Yichang Science and Technology R&D Project(A201230215)
Appendix
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Year 2025 volume 54 Issue 3
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83
36
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Article Info
doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202407188
  • Receive Date：2024-07-03
  • Online Date：2026-03-06
  • Published：2025-03-25
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2024-07-03
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52077120)
Yichang Science and Technology R&D Project(A201230215)
Affiliations
    1.The College of Electrical Engineering & New Energy of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
    2.Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center For New Energy Microgrid (China Three Gorges University), Yichang 443002, China
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202407188
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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