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Full-order small-signal modeling and frequency support characterization for grid-forming energy storage converter considering its stability boundary
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Jian YANG1, Xiaoling SU1, Laijun CHEN1, 2, Zhengkui ZHAO1, Jun YANG3
Thermal Power Generation | 2025, 54(3) : 1 - 11
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Thermal Power Generation | 2025, 54(3): 1-11
• Energy storage technology •
Full-order small-signal modeling and frequency support characterization for grid-forming energy storage converter considering its stability boundary
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Jian YANG1, Xiaoling SU1, Laijun CHEN1, 2, Zhengkui ZHAO1, Jun YANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation of New Energy Power System of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
  • 2.Department of Electrical Engineering and Applied Electronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • 3.Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Qinghai Electric Power Company, Xining 810001, China
Published: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202406169
Outline
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Grid-forming energy storage system is expected to solve the problems like insufficient frequency modulation resources and disturbance resistance decline of large-scale new energy-based power grid. However, its active support ability is greatly limited due to its inherent power coupling characteristics, plus power overshoot, oscillation and even instability problems are most likely to occur with parameter variation. To solve this problem, a full-order small signal model for grid-forming energy storage system is developed, its frequency response characteristics are analyzed according to the output power state space model and its characteristic roots. On this basis, by analyzing the sensitivity and participation factors of the state space matrix parameters, the stable boundary of the grid-forming energy storage converter is given, and the influence of key parameters of the grid-forming energy storage converter on its dynamic power coupling, frequency support and other grid related characteristics is clarified. The simulation and semi physical experimental results have verified the correctness and feasibility of the theoretical analysis, providing a basis for the design of grid connected parameters and stable operation of grid-forming energy storage converters.

grid-forming energy storage  /  system support capability  /  stable boundary  /  full-order small-signal modeling  /  frequency response characteristics
Jian YANG, Xiaoling SU, Laijun CHEN, Zhengkui ZHAO, Jun YANG. Full-order small-signal modeling and frequency support characterization for grid-forming energy storage converter considering its stability boundary[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (3) : 1 -11 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202406169
Funding
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  • Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(2022-ZJ-935Q)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China(52167022)
Appendix
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Year 2025 volume 54 Issue 3
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Article Info
doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202406169
  • Receive Date：2024-06-19
  • Online Date：2026-03-06
  • Published：2025-03-25
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2024-06-19
Funding
Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(2022-ZJ-935Q)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52167022)
Affiliations
    1.Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation of New Energy Power System of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
    2.Department of Electrical Engineering and Applied Electronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    3.Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Qinghai Electric Power Company, Xining 810001, China
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202406169
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