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Ammonia synthesize through hydrogen produced by green electricity offers an effective solution to the widespread abandonment of wind and solar resources and the shortage of green fuel chemicals. A wind-solar-driven proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer system in dual-mode operation for hydrogen production and hot standby with integrated ammonia synthesis waste heat storage is proposed, addressing issues of frequent start-stop cycles under fluctuating wind-solar outputs and waste heat recovery in ammonia synthesis processes. The results indicate that, the PEM electrolyzer dual-mode operating system, integrated with ammonia synthesis waste heat storage, can significantly shorten the startup time of the electrolyzer. The startup time at 25 ℃ is 512 seconds, while the hot startup from the standby mode at 47.5 ℃ requires only 274 seconds. Under hot standby mode, the system consumes electricity solely from feedwater pumps, achieving a specific hydrogen production power consumption of only 0.49 kW. The dual-tank thermal storage subsystem is configured with 10.8 tons of Dowtherm-G heat transfer oil. In heat storage mode, it absorbs waste heat gas from the ammonia synthesis unit at a flow rate of 3 kg/s, allowing the thermal tank to reach full capacity within 1 hour. In heat release mode, it heats the electrolyzer inlet water at a flow rate of 0.64 kg/s, enabling the electrolyzer to sustain standby operation for 4.68 hours. Furthermore, the new system is expected to generate long-term benefits that consistently exceed costs, ensuring sustained economic viability.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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