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In the context of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, renewable power to ammonia (RePtA) technology has garnered widespread attentions due to its ability to scale up the consumption of renewable energy and green hydrogen. However, the hydrogen production from renewable energy in RePtA systems exhibits significant volatility, posing challenges to stable operation of the Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis process. To address this issue, a discrete multi-steady-state flexible load operation strategy for ammonia synthesis process is proposed. A two-stage optimization model for capacity configuration and coordinated chemical operation scheduling is established using the PSO-MILP algorithm. A case simulation analysis was conducted on a demonstration project under construction in Inner Mongolia, and the technical and economic performance of three different flexible schemes was compared. The result indicates that, compared with the conventional steady state schemes, the discrete multi-state flexible operation strategy’s economic efficiency improved significantly after capacity and operation coordination optimization, with annual revenue increased by 67 150 000 yuan. Compared with the fully flexible operation strategies, the new strategy significantly enhances the stability of the ammonia synthesis process, reducing production load volatility by 78.16%. The proposed optimization model can balance the investment economic efficiency and operational safety of the RePtA system, and its findings are expected to provide some guidance for actual production operations.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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