Taking CO₂ absorption by amine solutions in industrial-scale spray towers as the research object, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is established to describe the gas-liquid two-phase flow, interphase heat and mass transfer, and chemical reaction process in industrial-scale spray scrubber, based on the Euler-Lagrange method. The reliability of the CFD model is validated by experimental data of CO₂ absorption by monoethanolamine (MEA) solution. On this basis, the fundamental laws of heat and mass transfer and chemical reactions accompanying the CO₂ absorption process, as well as the effects of the absorbents’ chemical composition, gas-liquid phase flow characteristics, and operating pressure on the efficiency of CO₂ removal in a spray tower were investigated. The numerical results indicate that, the volume fraction of CO₂ in flue gas decreases with the increase of scrubber height, while both the gas temperature and water vapor pressure firstly increase and then decrease with the increase of elevation. With the increase of CO₂ load in lean solution from 0.1 to 0.4, the highest gas temperature in the scrubber declines from 70 ℃ to 54 ℃. The overall decarbonization efficiency for the spray scrubber significantly decreases when the load of lean solution is greater than 0.25. When the superficial gas velocity is greater than 2.5 m/s, the enhancement of increased mass transfer specific interface area on CO₂ absorption is restricted ascribed to the declines of gas residence time and mass transfer coefficient. For the decrease of operating pressure in spray scrubber from 101 kPa to 70 kPa, the CO₂ removal efficiency decreases by about 15.9 percentage points.