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In light of the intricate nature of surface defects in wind turbine blades, conventional convolutional neural networks face problems such as threshold screening and non-maximum suppression processes, which increase computational complexity and are not conducive to model deployment. A novel defect detection model that integrates real-time-detection transformer (RT-DETR) with YOLOv5 algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the backbone network of YOLOv5 is redesigned based on RepVGG and FasterNet to reduce the computational complexity of the model. Recognizing the presence of small-sized targets within the detection tasks, an efficient channel attention (ECA) mechanism is integrated into the neck network’s feature fusion component, thereby augmenting the expressiveness of the output features. Finally, the detection head of original network is reconstructed with the Decoder from RT-DETR, minimizing the effect of non-maximum suppression on the model’s performance. The experimental results show that, the average detection accuracy and accuracy of YOLO-RT are 87.2% and 92.7%, respectively, on a self-constructed dataset of wind turbine blade surface defects, reflecting improvements of 4.4 and 8.0 percentage points over the original YOLOv5 model. The detection rate reaches 118.3 frames per second, surpassing that of alternative detection models. The enhancements introduced in this algorithm significantly improve both detection accuracy and speed, making it highly suitable for practical applications in detecting surface defects on wind turbine blades.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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