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In order to select high activity catalysts for urea hydrolysis, the kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of urea catalytic hydrolysis reaction were studied by using batch reactor and continuous operation pilot plant, and the effects of different catalysts on hydrolysis reaction temperature, energy consumption and variable load response time were compared. The results show that, the activation energy of the hydrolysis reaction can be reduced by adding catalyst (the activation energy of the liquid diammonium hydrogen phosphate is 65.3 kJ/mol, and that of the solid alumina is 52.9 kJ/mol), and the urea conversion can be improved. The addition of catalyst increases the hydrolysis reaction rate and decreases the hydrolysis reaction temperature. Due to uneven distribution and insufficient contact, the catalytic activity of solid alumina catalyst decreases in the continuous operation reactor. The energy consumption of ammonia production by catalytic hydrolysis is about 1%~3% lower than that of ordinary hydrolysis, and the response time of hydrolyzer changing load is not shortened by adding diammonium phosphate and alumina catalyst.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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