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The oily dust on photovoltaic (PV) modules significantly reduces power generation efficiency, but conventional cleaning agents suffer from poor cleaning performance, cause environmental pollution, and bring component corrosion risks. This study analyzed the dust composition via XRF, XRD, and ignition methods, revealing that organic matters with a mass fraction of 17.52% cause high adhesiveness. An eco-friendly cleaning agent was developed by optimizing the formulation via a four-factor three-level orthogonal experiment using Class A eco-friendly components. Its degradation and corrosion properties were verified through the continuous activated sludge method and immersion experiments. The results showed 10 g/m² oily dust could reduce the PV module power by 30.28%, while the cleaning agent achieved a cleaning efficiency of 99.84% at 30-fold dilution. The cleaning wastewater with a COD of 3 000 mg/L achieved a biodegradability of over 90.41%. Field application on oil plant rooftops restored 79.4% power efficiency and raised surface temperature by 5.6 ℃. Costing only 0.5 yuan per square meter and causing no corrosion to PV modules, the proposed cleaning agent outperforms commercial alternatives. It enables efficient and eco-friendly cleaning, ensuring stable operation of PV power stations and improving power generation efficiency.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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