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A Carnot battery system based on coal-fired power units can efficiently absorb curtailed power of new energy while utilizing the existing infrastructure of coal-fired plants for energy release, thereby addressing the challenges posed by high-penetration renewable energy on the power supply-side flexibility. A novel supercritical carbon dioxide reverse Brayton-Rankine cycle Carnot battery system is proposed based on the concept of split-flow expansion, and a comprehensive investigation is conducted through thermodynamic modeling in EBSILON Professional, parameter sensitivity analysis, and multi-objective optimization using genetic algorithms. The results indicate that under design conditions, the turbine power output and waste heat recovery of the novel system are improved by 59.84% and 43.23%, respectively, compared to the reference system. The energy storage cycle achieves a coefficient of performance (COP) of 1.32 and a round-trip efficiency (RTE) of 57.68%, representing an increase of 0.10 in COP and 4.37 percentage points in RTE over the reference system. Both COP and RTE increase with higher pressure ratios, higher flow split ratios, and lower top-end temperature differences in recuperator 2. When the flow split ratio is 0.23, the pressure ratio is 3.09, and the top-end temperature difference in recuperator 2 is 12.60 ℃, the COP of the Carnot battery storage cycle reaches a maximum of 1.37, with a corresponding RTE of 59.87%. The study provides a technical reference for enhancing the operational flexibility of coal-fired power plants and optimizing renewable energy integration through advanced thermal storage technologies.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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