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Research progress on electrochemical synthesis of urea from carbon dioxide and nitrogen in coal-fired flue gas
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Xiaowei FANG1, Yu SUN2, Guangjin ZHANG2, Xuehua ZHANG2, Xinghua LI1, Jie ZHANG3, Shujian ZHU4
Thermal Power Generation | 2026, 55(1) : 92 - 101
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Thermal Power Generation | 2026, 55(1): 92-101
• Thermal energy science research •
Research progress on electrochemical synthesis of urea from carbon dioxide and nitrogen in coal-fired flue gas
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Xiaowei FANG1, Yu SUN2, Guangjin ZHANG2, Xuehua ZHANG2, Xinghua LI1, Jie ZHANG3, Shujian ZHU4
Affiliations
  • 1.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
  • 2.Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing 100190, China
  • 3.National Energy Feixian Power Generation Co., Ltd., Linyi 273425, China
  • 4.Langfang Thermal Power Plant of National Energy Group North China Electric Power Co., Ltd., Langfang 065000, China
Published: 2026-01-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202503016
Outline
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The efficient valorization of CO2 and N2 from power plant flue gas represents a critical pathway toward advancing the low-carbon transition of energy systems. Electrochemical synthesis of urea by directly coupling CO2 and N2 in flue gas under ambient conditions offers dual benefits: converting greenhouse gases into high-value fertilizers while achieving carbon mitigation and resource recycling. This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in this field, highlighting optimized reaction pathways through novel catalyst designs such as heterojunction catalysts and conductive MOFs, which enhance the synergistic activation of N2 and CO2 and improve C-N coupling efficiency, achieving a record Faradaic efficiency of 48% for urea production. Future breakthroughs should focus on developing bioinspired catalytic materials, integrating photo-electrocatalytic systems, and innovating renewable-powered integrated processes for carbon capture-conversion-product separation. By analyzing technical principles, engineering challenges, and industrial linkages, this work underscores the pivotal role of electrocatalytic urea synthesis in coordinated carbon-nitrogen management for coal-fired power plants, providing a forward-looking strategic thinking for scaling up this transformative technology.

coal-fired flue gas  /  electrocatalysis  /  urea synthesis  /  carbon dioxide utilizaiton  /  nitrogen fixation
Xiaowei FANG, Yu SUN, Guangjin ZHANG, Xuehua ZHANG, Xinghua LI, Jie ZHANG, Shujian ZHU. Research progress on electrochemical synthesis of urea from carbon dioxide and nitrogen in coal-fired flue gas[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2026 , 55 (1) : 92 -101 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202503016
Funding
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  • Research and Development Fund Project of Xi'an Thermal Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd.(TD-24-TYK04)
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Year 2026 volume 55 Issue 1
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Article Info
doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202503016
  • Receive Date：2025-03-04
  • Online Date：2026-06-10
  • Published：2026-01-25
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2025-03-04
  • Accepted：2025-03-25
Funding
Research and Development Fund Project of Xi'an Thermal Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd.(TD-24-TYK04)
Affiliations
    1.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
    2.Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing 100190, China
    3.National Energy Feixian Power Generation Co., Ltd., Linyi 273425, China
    4.Langfang Thermal Power Plant of National Energy Group North China Electric Power Co., Ltd., Langfang 065000, China
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202503016
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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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