Driven by the demands of intelligent manufacturing, medical rehabilitation, and human–robot collaboration, anthropomorphic dexterous hands have become a key direction for complex manipulation. This paper reviews their evolution from structural biomimetics to intelligent control, emphasizing structural optimization, task generalization, and perception–control coupling. First, it summarizes structural design principles, including structural parameterization, underactuated and compliant mechanisms, functional materials, and multimaterial fabrication. Second, it reviews perception technologies, including angle and strain sensing, tactile and pressure detection, and compact vision–tactile fusion modules. Third, it compares classical model-based control, data-driven learning control, and hybrid model–data control, with attention to sample efficiency, robustness, and transferability. Finally, it discusses deployment-oriented strategies, including modular design, standardized interfaces, integrated packaging, and unified communication frameworks for hardware–software coordination. In summary, this paper establishes a system-level technical framework for dexterous hand development and deployment, organized around 4 tightly coupled dimensions: structural embodiment, multimodal perception, control, and deployment-oriented integration. By clarifying the interactions and constraints across these dimensions, the paper provides a system-level basis for the design, evaluation, and deployment of dexterous hands in complex manipulation and human–robot collaboration.

Engineered exosomes are increasingly recognized as promising vehicles for precision drug delivery. Genetic display, chemical modification, physical loading, and hybrid vesicle construction have expanded their applications, while introducing additional variables to the interpretation of delivery outcomes. Because engineering can alter vesicle properties, receptor engagement, endocytic routing, intracellular trafficking, and functional readouts, tissue accumulation or cellular uptake alone is insufficient to define effective delivery. This review traces engineered exosome delivery from cellular uptake to therapeutic function, covering engineering strategies, targeting validation, endocytic routing, intracellular fate, and functional readouts. We further discuss the strengths and limitations of commonly used evaluation methods. Across biomedical applications, we emphasize that delivery evidence should be judged according to cargo type, site of action, disease model, and therapeutic mechanism. By linking engineering design, assay selection, and evidence strength, this review supports a more careful interpretation of engineered exosome delivery.

Hypoxia, immunosuppression, and pronounced heterogeneity within the tumor microenvironment (TME) hinder the effectiveness of cancer therapies. Engineered bacteria–nanomaterial hybrid systems have emerged as a promising approach to address these challenges. Bacterial chassis provide active tumor targeting, deep tissue penetration, and in situ proliferation, facilitating the precise delivery of immunomodulators. Concurrently, nanomaterials interfaced with these living carriers can be activated by external physical stimuli, inducing photothermal, photodynamic, sonodynamic, and magnetothermal effects within solid tumors. These interactions promote immunogenic cell death (ICD) and enable real-time monitoring. Recent advances in synthetic biology and nanotechnology have led to the development of an expanding range of preclinical biohybrid platforms, while several related components, including bacterial therapeutics, bacterial derivatives, and physically activated nanomedicine platforms, have progressed into clinical evaluation. This review first explores the origins and roles of tumor-associated bacteria. It then summarizes strategies for engineering bacteria–nanomaterial hybrid systems. Subsequently, this review examines how physical stimuli enhance targeting, remodel the TME, and amplify antitumor immunity. Finally, safety, manufacturing, and regulatory challenges impacting clinical translation are discussed. Overall, these platforms offer a potentially powerful framework for precision cancer immunotherapy. However, successful clinical translation will require stronger evidence regarding safety, controllability, manufacturing consistency, and therapeutic efficacy.

Stretchable elastomers require a stretchability exceeding 200% and a Young’s modulus ranging from 0.1 to 10 MPa to balance strength and extensibility for dynamic applications. Conventional petrochemical polymers meeting these criteria rely on covalent networks, which lack mechanical tunability and face challenges in terms of repairability and recyclability. Here, we introduce a highly dynamic covalent branched network to fabricate a polyimine elastomer (PIE) featuring extensive mechanical tunability, controllable self-healing properties, reprocessability, and recyclability. This PIE is synthesized at room temperature from a lignocellulose-derived dialdehyde prepolymer (dialdehyde-terminated prepolymer) and cross-linked with a triamine via imine bonds. The resulting PIE, characterized by dynamic covalent networks, presents a skin-friendly Young’s modulus of less than 3 MPa and an impressive stretchability of strain exceeding 1,110%. Additionally, PIE exhibits direct thermal reprocessability at 100 °C within 15 min, enabling transformation into various forms, along with self-healing capability. Flexible electronics utilizing the PIE substrate demonstrate appealing stretchability, high sensitivity, and recyclability. This biomass-derived highly branched cross-linking network likely provides a promising approach for designing high-performance bio-based synthetic elastomers, contributing to the advancement of sustainable flexible electronic devices.

Plasma p-tau217/Aβ42 accurately captures the systemic molecular risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but lacks the spatial resolution necessary to predict individualized clinical trajectories. Here, we combined plasma biomarker stratification with normative connectome mapping to identify macroscale neurodegenerative epicenters and developed a personalized prognostic tool, the Network Vulnerability Index (NVI). Across the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and independent China ADNI cohorts, plasma p-tau217/Aβ42-positive individuals exhibited highly reproducible epicenters tightly anchored to the default mode network and limbic axis. Multiscale analyses revealed that this spatial vulnerability aligned with transcriptomic signatures of synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunction, monoaminergic receptor density gradients, and memory-related cognitive domains. Longitudinally, baseline epicenter centrality strictly dictated future localized atrophy rates. To translate these group-level topological constraints into a personalized prognostic metric, we utilized least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression to formulate the NVI. Cross-sectionally, the NVI robustly tracked progressive tau-positron emission tomography accumulation (meta-temporal r = 0.547) and hippocampal atrophy (r = −0.455). Crucially, the NVI demonstrated robust, stage-dependent prognostic utility. When evaluated across the continuous disease spectrum, incorporating the NVI into a fully adjusted baseline model comprising plasma p-tau217/Aβ42 and APOE-ε4, and clinical scores significantly improved the prediction of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia (hazard ratio = 1.47, P = 0.004), providing essential incremental prognostic value. Collectively, our spatially contextualized framework demonstrates that mapping systemic molecular risk onto structural network vulnerability supports a highly scalable “plasma pre-screen plus standard MRI” triage pathway for precision staging in Alzheimer’s disease.

Despite their widespread use, synthetic adhesives raise substantial concerns regarding environmental impact, toxicity, recyclability, and volatile organic compound emissions, while their predominantly liquid nature often requires energy-intensive curing processes. Here, we report an all-cellulose film adhesive derived from renewable cellulose through a simple oxidation–reduction modification that transforms cellulose into a linear heat-softenable structure. The resulting material can be activated by either water or heat to function as an effective wood adhesive. Upon water activation, the cellulose film bonds thick wood panels into structural composites without external heating, achieving lap shear and compressive shear strengths of 3.1 and 6.5 MPa, respectively. This room-temperature, water-triggered adhesion reduces processing energy demand and is well suited for manufacturing engineered wood products. Owing to its thermoplastic behavior, the adhesive also enables heat-activated bonding of wood and paper, including thermal sealing of paper bags. This work establishes a renewable and low-emission adhesive platform, advancing sustainable alternatives to conventional petrochemical adhesives.

Electroactive biomaterials represent a promising strategy for reconstructing the electrobiological microenvironment of bone and enhancing tissue regeneration. Among these materials, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and its composites have attracted considerable attention because of their mixed electronic and ionic conductivity and compatibility with soft and porous scaffolds. However, existing reviews rarely address how fabrication strategies govern the relationships between structure, properties, and translational performance. This review establishes a fabrication, performance, and translation framework for PEDOT-based bone repair systems. Fabrication strategies are categorized into interfacial polymerization, bulk matrix and solution-processed conductive networks, patterned and fibrous conductive architectures, and porous and 3-dimensional scaffold fabrication and are correlated with conductive network topology, mechanical performance, and cytocompatibility. The mechanistic roles of PEDOT in osteogenesis, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and electroresponsive drug release are further summarized. In addition, this review discusses the key trade-offs that limit practical applications, including the balance between conductivity and degradability, mechanical strength and porosity, as well as multifunctionality and manufacturability. Overall, this review provides a framework-oriented perspective to guide the rational design and clinical translation of PEDOT-based bioelectronic materials for bone tissue engineering.

Hearing loss is becoming a common disease worldwide, affecting individuals across all age groups, from infants to older adults. However, the unique anatomical barriers of the inner ear limit the effectiveness of conventional systemic therapies, highlighting the need for advanced drug delivery strategies. Engineered inner ear drug delivery systems have emerged as promising approaches for improving drug targeting, retention, and therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the advances by integrating 3 major aspects: major administration routes, diverse therapeutic agents, and delivery carriers employed in inner ear treatment. We first introduce systemic administration, trans-tympanic drug delivery, intracochlear drug delivery, and cochlear implantation (CI). We then summarize anti-inflammatory drugs and antioxidants for the treatment of inner ear disorders. Subsequently, we discuss multiple nanocarriers, viral vectors, injectable hydrogels, and other innovative carriers used in inner ear drug delivery, highlighting their design principles and therapeutic applications. We also illustrate recent progress in clinical trials and discuss the difficulties associated with translating experimental systems into clinical applications. Finally, we outline current limitations and future opportunities, together with potential strategies to address these challenges.

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC), a paradigm-shifting breakthrough in quantum communication, exploits quantum states for unmediated information transmission. Rooted in the inviolable fundamental laws of quantum mechanics, QSDC enables ultrasensitive detection of even the faintest eavesdropping attempts, guaranteeing true communication security solely when no interference exists. However, its practical scalability remains constrained by insufficient transmission rates. Semantic communication, which drastically boosts transmission efficiency by extracting core information features, nevertheless stays vulnerable to malicious intrusions. Integrating these paradigms promises to simultaneously enhance the equivalent data rate and security. Herein, we propose and experimentally validate a quantum semantic communication scheme, applying it to 3-dimensional point clouds. It achieves a 46.30-fold efficiency gain over direct transmission in the meaning domain, beyond the Wyner and Shannon capacity limits of syntactic communication. This breakthrough not only broadens the application scope of QSDC with limited bandwidth, but also marks a pivotal milestone in quantum information science.