This paper provides a comprehensive review of the application of computer vision technology in the automatic detection of road potholes and objective assessment of road conditions. Typically, cameras and various types of depth sensors are used to acquire two-dimensional and three-dimensional road data for road imaging. Pothole detection is carried out based on computer vision technology, with the main detection algorithms including classic two-dimensional image processing, three-dimensional point cloud modeling and segmentation, deep learning, and their hybrid methods. The hybrid methods, which exploit the advantages of various algorithms, can greatly improve the accuracy of detection. However, while existing algorithms have achieved good results in pothole detection, they still face many challenges, such as the need to improve the robustness of road geometry reconstruction, high algorithm complexity, and the model’s strong dependence on large-scale well-annotated datasets. Therefore, future research should focus more on unsupervised stereo matching algorithms and deep learning algorithms with few samples.

To improve driving stability of bus driver in high-speed turning and obstacle avoidance in high speed driving condition, a vehicle model and an electronic control pneumatic system model is firstly established. Then, based on the super twisting algorithm, an additional yaw moment controller is designed for bus anti-rollover. The disturbance term of the system is estimated through a nonlinear disturbance observer, and it is compensated to the controller. Finally, the co-simulation of MATLAB/Simulink, TruckSim and AMESim is carried out. The simulation results show that compared with PID control, the algorithm proposed in this article can reduce the roll angle by 0.2° and 0.7° respectively under steering wheel step conditions and fishinghook conditions.

The micro-speed difference dual-rotor system composed of a hydraulic torque converter and a crankshaft affects the idle twitch of an Automatic Transmission (AT) vehicle. Through the Hilbert transform of the dynamic unbalanced coupling excitation force of the dual-rotor system, it is revealed that the beat vibration of the component is the root cause of the regular idle twitch. The maximum twitch amplitude is the sum of the excitation forces, and the twitch time interval is the difference between the excitation force frequencies. The Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems (ADAMS) model including engine, transmission and mounting system is established and simulated. The results show that the closer the vertical rigid body mode of the powertrain is to the excitation frequency, the greater the vertical first-order dynamic stiffness of the hydraulic mount and the greater the vibration amplitude. Therefore, the idle twitch can be improved by the frequency avoidance design of the Z-direction mode of the powertrain and the dynamic unbalance excitation frequency of the crankshaft, reducing the vertical dynamic stiffness of the hydraulic mount, and improving the vibration isolation performance of the mount system.

In the context of high-speed mixed traffic and intricate multi-vehicle interaction, existing driving intention recognition models for research vehicles mostly neglect driving styles and vehicle-vehicle information interaction, this paper introduced a novel driving intention recognition model based on an enhanced Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi LSTM) network, with the driving trajectory sequence of the target vehicle, driving style, and interaction features of surrounding vehicles as inputs for effective training and learning, to facilitate the classification and recognition of the driving intention feature dataset, specifically considering diverse driving styles. Additionally, the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) was employed to optimize hyperparameters, encompassing the number of hidden layer nodes and learning rate, effectively mitigating the adverse impacts of manual parameter adjustment. The model’s efficacy was validated using the NGSIM dataset, exhibiting an impressive recognition accuracy of 97.5% in precisely identifying vehicle driving intentions.

In order to analyze the performance of the shifting system and design the parameters of the shifting system parts, the transmission model of shift execution system has been established, and combined with Trapezoidal Back-EMF and square wave control principle of Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor, Simulink control model of motor module is established. ADAMS is used to import physical parameteric model, the interactive simulation of motor model and mechanical system is realized through ADAMS interface. Drum fixed torque loading simulation and motor three-ring control principle are applied to analyze system response characteristic and process parameters of the dynamic shifting process. Simulation and test results show that motor torque loading process impacts remarkably system function realization, parts shifting forces and shifting duration. Selecting appropriate parameters of control system and strategy could realize shift process control.

For the problem of intelligent vehicles recognizing lane line deviation in different environments, this paper proposed a lane line detection and lane deviation warning algorithm based on sliding window search. Firstly, real-time road images were preprocessed, including camera calibration, color and gradient filtering, perspective transformation, etc., and then the sliding window search algorithm was used to detect the lane lines and fit the lane lines using quadratic polynomials. Then, the camera monocular ranging principle was used to calculate the relative position of the vehicle to the centerline of the lane and determine whether it deviated from the lane. The experimental results show that the algorithm’s lane line detection accuracy reaches 98.59%, the lane deviation warning rate reaches 99.58%, and the processed video frame rate is about 25 frames/s, which meets the accuracy and real-time requirements.

In order to ensure the accuracy of trajectory tracking and maneuvering stability of intelligent vehicles at high speeds on roads with different coefficients of adhesion, the Adaptive Model Predictive Control (AMPC) method was used to estimate the tire cornering stiffness on-line and update the parameters of the vehicle dynamics model in real time under high-speed driving conditions, and the Non-Fixed Step (NFS) discrete method was used to prolong the prediction time domain while the slip stability constraints were added into the objective function, thus maintaining high stability and control in real time under high-speed driving conditions. The proposed method can improve the maneuvering stability and control accuracy when the vehicle is driving on the road with different adhesion coefficients under high-speed driving conditions, as shown in the joint simulation results of CarSim and MATLAB/Simulink.

Simulation research on automatic transmission shift schedule is carried out based on virtual calibration technology. Firstly, a high-precision engine model, transmission model and physical models of the entire vehicle and its main components are established. The transmission control model is built using known TCU control strategies or directly connected to the TCU controller on the virtual simulation platform. The Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) simulation platform is used to conduct TCU calibration related working conditions simulation testing, and the simulation results are compared with experimental data. The research results indicate that this model-based virtual calibration technology can meet the accuracy requirements in the field of shift schedule calibration and can be used to guide vehicle shift schedule calibration, effectively shortening calibration time and improving calibration quality.

A three-dimensional simulation model of leaf spring with few piece variable cross-section with crack is established using SolidWorks and ANSYS. The influence laws of crack location, angle, and depth on the stiffness of few leaf spring are explored by analyzing stiffness characteristics of few leaf spring under different crack locations, angles and depths. The results show that the transverse crack has a significant influence on the stiffness of the leaf spring. The closer the crack location is to the 1/3 length of the straight section at the root of the leaf spring, the closer the crack angle is to 90° and the deeper the crack is, the greater the influence is and the smaller the stiffness is. The longitudinal crack has a slight influence on the stiffness of the leaf spring and the variation of the stiffness is small. The stiffness of the leaf spring with crack is slightly bigger than that of the leaf spring without crack in a certain depth range.

Hub motor air gap eccentricity leads to electromagnetic force imbalance and torque fluctuation increase affecting the vehicle driving stability. To solve this problem, firstly, the Fourier function was used to derive the relationship curves of inductance, magnetic chain, radial electromagnetic force and torque of the switched reluctance motor concerning the current and angle, and then, the spatial electromagnetic characteristics of the electromagnetic force and torque were analyzed based on Maxwell’s stress tensor method in the two operating conditions. The results show that the air gap eccentricity leads to the imbalance of electromagnetic force and torque at the eccentric position. Then, the contribution weights of structural parameters were determined by sensitivity analysis, and a multi-objective optimization scheme was formulated, finally, the multi-objective optimization search of structural parameters was carried out with the help of NSGA-Ⅱ, and two groups of optimization schemes were screened, of which the optimal scheme C1 improves the optimization results greatly, and the longitudinal and transverse stability of the wheel-hub motor-driven automobile is improved efficiently.

In order to discover the effects of automotive Continuous Damping Control (CDC) shock absorber solenoid valve on electromagnetic force, the two-dimensional simulation model of CDC shock absorber solenoid valve is established under ANSYS Maxwell environment, and working air gap, material properties, moving iron core radius and other parameters are simulated and analyzed to obtain the relation curve of electromagnetic force of CDC shock absorber solenoid valve with each parameter. The influence of different structural parameters on electromagnetic force of CDC shock absorber solenoid valve is analyzed. The results show that electromagnet properties and moving iron core radius have a great impact on solenoid force and displacement relation curve. The solenoid valve can be optimized by changing related parameters.

The phase angle lead characteristic and the amplitude attenuation characteristic of the lag network can be used to improve the performance of the lead and lag corrector system. Therefore, for the stability of Electric Power Steering (EPS) system, an optimization scheme based on lead and lag corrector is proposed. Firstly, the state space equation of EPS system is established based on the steering system dynamics theory and the system transfer function is obtained. Secondly, the open loop transfer function is derived based on the system transfer function, and the influence of the lead and lag corrector on the stability of EPS system is analyzed by simulation. Finally, forward development and design are deployed for lead and lag parameters development. The results show that the amplitude margin, phase Angle margin and cutoff frequency of the open loop transfer function after correction are obviously improved compared with that before correction, and the designed lead lag corrector can greatly improve the stability of EPS system.

A test method and test bench for knee module impacting dashboard were proposed and designed, to reproduce the contact of the dummy leg with dashboard in real vehicle crash. The collision process between the knee and the dashboard in the car was studied pertinently, and the knee invasion curve on the dashboard was obtained by the high-speed camera dynamic displacement calculation method, which was interpolated and integrated to obtain the relationship between the injury index of the dummy leg and the amount of knee intrusion on the dashboard, to directly reflect and verify the collision protection performance of the dashboard to the leg.

In order to optimize the torque fluctuation of the cross-axis universal joint steering system of a certain vehicle model,By extracting the coordinates of key hard points of the steering system in the CATIA three-dimensional digital model of this vehicle model, a simplified simulation model of the steering system is established by using ADAMS/View software.Under the condition of not changing the installation hard points of the steering system, the phase angle of the transmission shaft that can minimize the torque fluctuation of the steering system is obtained through simulation.The results of subjective evaluation and real vehicle verification show that the optimization result of simulation data is consistent with the theoretical calculation result, ensuring the minimum torque fluctuation of the steering system.

In order to effectively control vehicle NO_x emission, this paper studied vehicle NO_x emission from the perspective of intake temperature and road conditions with the single factor variable method and obtained the influence rule of different factors on vehicle NO_x emission. The results show that with the intake temperature increasing by 10 ℃, the original NO_x emission concentration increases by about 5% and the tail gas emission concentration increases by 19%~44%. The influence range of different road conditions on NO_x emission shows great difference.