To further understand the interaction in copyrolysis of biomass and waste plastics, the pyrolysis characteristics of poplar wood(PW) and the effect of polypropylene (PP) addition on the product distribution and composition of PW and PP co pyrolysis were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and fixed bed reactor. The results showed that 500 °C is the optimal temperature for PW pyrolysis to obtain tar product, and the maximum tar yield is 31.2%. The experimental value of the maximum weight loss rate of copyrolysis is slightly greater than the theoretical value in the low temperature range, and the peak temperature of the DTG curve in the high temperature range shifts to higher temperature zone. Copyrolysis of PW and PP has a positive synergistic effect on the generation of gas products, increasing the low heating value of gas products. Copyrolysis has a negative synergistic effect on the generation of tar. However, the oxygencontaining compounds (phenols, acids, ketones and furans) in tar decrease, and olefin compounds increase significantly. In addition, the degree of graphitization of copyrolytic char becomes higher.

This study proposes a coagulationdissolved air flotation and microwave drying processes based on biologic coagulant for harvesting cyanobacteria biomass, and a pilot system with a treatment capacity of 20 m³/h was developed. Continuous operation in Lake Tai demonstrated that the system achieved a harvesting efficiency of up to 95% for cyanobacterial biomass, with the moisture content of the biomass reduced to below 85% after dehydration. After 10 min of continuous microwave drying, the moisture content of the biomass was further reduced to below 10%, with no adverse effects on the main nutrients, such as proteins and sugars. Further technoeconomic and cost sensitivity analyses revealed that the total cost of harvesting and drying cyanobacterial biomass was 4 134.1 ¥/t dry biomass, with bioflocculant costs accounting for more than 50% of this total. The processing costs were found to be significantly influenced by the dosage and cost of bioflocculants, as well as the hourly microwave drying capacity.

Taking an agricultural single cylinder diesel engine as the research object, the soot emission characteristics of biodiesel blended fuel were tested under the conditions of EGR rates of 0, 15% and 30% , and the influence of EGR rate on the combustion particle structure characteristics of biodiesel blended fuel was explored. The results indicate that biodiesel blended fuel can alleviate the problem of increased soot emissions caused by the introduction of EGR, and the improvement effect is more significant under high EGR rate conditions. The diesel engine exhaust particle size range is mainly between 20 nm and 80 nm, mainly showing normal distribution. Under the same EGR rate conditions, the particle size formed by burning biodiesel blended fuel significantly decreases, and the degree of agglomeration between particles increases, the porosity of particles increases, and the thickness of the interface layer increases. By adopting EGR technology, the average particle size of the particle group increases, the degree of agglomeration increases, the porosity of the particles decreases, and the thickness of the interface layer increases. Mixing biodiesel and introducing EGR can both increase the roughness and irregularity of the formed particles.

In order to achieve the target of "dual carbon", it is important to develop renewable energy resources. There are many factors that affect the development of renewable energy. The extent to which the view of residents influences this needs further research. Therefore, this study focuses on the cognition, attitude, behaviour, and policy opinions of residents in Liaoning Province on renewable energy resources. According to the population, available arable land area, and calculations of available roof area, questionnaire numbers for each city are designed by Neiman Distribution. The survey is conducted both online and offline. Among the 1 332 questionnaires, more than 20.00% of residents have misconceptions about renewable energy. The proportion of residents willing to promote the development of renewable energy is 63.62%. Residents prefer enterprises to play a greater role, accounting for 65.57%. By conducting principal component analysis and regression analysis, it is found that occupation type significantly impacts residents' renewable energy cognition and behaviour. The knowledge levels concerning China's energy resources and household energy storage systems are observed to be 9.66% and 18.20% higher among corporate residents than noncorporate residents. Enterprise residents display a 10.37% increase in their willingness to actively select green energysaving appliances with slightly higher prices when compared to nonenterprise residents. Additionally, nonstudents exhibit a 10.93% higher inclination than students to pay premium electricity tariffs for renewable energy generation. Residents who support the development of renewable energy resources industries in Liaoning are more likely to accept highpriced green energysaving appliances and support their lowcarbon behaviour with green credits or carbon credits. Based on the above research results, it is proposed that: ① Government departments carry out social activities to enhance residents' awareness of renewable energy in Liaoning Province; ② Financial institutions are encouraged to increase research investment in renewable energy technologies, thereby reducing product prices and increasing residents' participation enthusiasm; ③ The authors design an overall operational framework for renewable energy to promote green point trading and create a batch of demonstration zones with net zero carbon emissions in Liaoning Province.

In this paper, a fault diagnosis strategy for photovoltaic modules based on IV curve inverse method is proposed. This strategy does not need to monitor the surface irradiance and average temperature of the solar cell in real time. After extracting the model parameters, the IV curve library under different irradiance and solar cell temperature is calculated. The open circuit voltage, short circuit current and maximum power point voltage and current of the photovoltaic module are measured during operation to determine whether the module is faulty. By building experimental equipment to simulate typical faults and using this method to judge, the results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively monitor the faults of components. Using this method, a singleboard fault monitoring module is developed to realize online fault diagnosis of photovoltaic modules, which improves the accuracy of fault diagnosis of photovoltaic modules and the reliability and economy of photovoltaic power station operation.

In order to improve the efficiency of geothermal energy extraction in the hightemperature zone at the bottom of the well, a jettype coaxial borehole heat exchanger is constructed for horizontal geothermal well extraction. Based on the finite volume method, a threedimensional numerical simulation model of the horizontal section near the bottom of the well is established, and the flow and temperature fields of the Outsidein and insideout type (OI), Insideout type (IO), and Jet inlet (IOI) coaxial borehole heat exchangers are compared and analyzed, so as to reveal the mechanism of the injection heat exchanger to strengthen the heat transfer. The results showed that the use of the IOI type heat exchanger increased the turbulent kinetic energy of the fluid and formed vortices, which improved the efficiency of geothermal heat extraction. By comparing the heat extraction performance, it was found that the Nusselt number increased with the increase of mass flow rate, and the Nusselt number of IOI type was higher than the other two by 18.33%~32.48% and 5.33%~18.84%, and the friction coefficient decreased with the increase of mass flow rate; under the same mass flow rate, the thermal enhancement factor of IOI type heat exchanger was higher than the other two by 9.13%~13.58%, 3.61%~10.24%, and the average extraction temperature and average extended metre heat exchange are always the highest among the three. The results provide a theoretical basis for the efficient extraction of coaxial borehole heat exchanger in horizontal geothermal wells.

This article investigates the ability of suction anchor foundations in clay to withstand horizontal and bending moment combined loads, as well as vertical and bending moment combined loads. First, the rationality of the finite element model is verified through numerical simulation tests. Based on the finite element method, a suction anchor foundation model with an aspect ratio of 1 is established. The bearing capacity characteristics of the suction anchor foundation under the combined action of horizontal load, vertical load and torque load are studied. The results show that under the action of torque load, the horizontal and vertical bearing capacity of the suction anchor foundation is significantly reduced. With the decrease of the horizontal load point, the ability of the suction anchor to resist the torque load shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. In the case of the combination of horizontalverticaltorque loads, the decline trend of the ultimate bearing capacity of suction anchors increases significantly with the increase of torque loads. As the angle between the load direction and the horizontal plane increases, the bearing capacity of the suction anchor to resist torque loads tends to increase.

The wind turbine is developing towards largescale and intelligent, the loads of the turbine are increasing exponentially, which puts forward higher requirements for the dynamic design of the turbine components. In this paper takes the elastic support of wind turbine gearbox as the research object, and the dynamic model of entire wind turbine is established by using multibody multidynamics software, coupled with the calculation of aerodynamic load and the control program of wind turbine. The timefrequency characteristics of the dynamic response of the elastic support under uniform wind are calculated, and the influences of wind shear, tower shadow effect and nonlinear stiffness on the elastic support are compared and analyzed. Finally, the dynamic response of the elastic support of the wind turbine under the condition of turbulent wind are simulated. The results show that when the elastic support is damaged and only matches 50% of the stiffness, the response of the elastic support increases sharply, exceeding the vibration standard safety threshold by more than 4 times, which affects the safe and stable operation of the whole wind turbine.

In the current design process of offshore wind turbine monopile foundations, the shape of the local scour pit is usually ignored and directly simplified to the global scour, which leads to a conservative design of monopile foundations. A hyperbolic py curve for largediameter monopiles was adopted to construct the pilesoil interaction model. The concept of equivalent depth was introduced and modified to establish a simplified onedimensional monopile analysis model considering the shape of scour pit based on available centrifuge test data currently. The rationality of the proposed model is verified by comparison with the test results. Furthermore, several modified models were compared and analyzed, and the prediction effects of each model on the lateral response of monopile foundations subjected to local scour were discussed. The results of the study show that the local scour mainly leads to the reduction of the soil resistance along pile in the shallow range of seabed, so a reasonable correction of the py curve of shallow soil is the key to the analysis of lateral response for monopile subjected to scour. Because the existing models underestimate the effective vertical geostress of shallow soil after local scour, whose prediction results of lateral responses of monopile are closer to those of the global scour model.

Accurate condition monitoring of wind turbines is crucial to the safe and stable operation of wind turbines and the improvement of economic benefits. However, affected by the divergence in the distribution of operating data of different wind turbines, the existing condition monitoring methods have the problem of difficulty in taking into account the accuracy and efficiency in the application scenario of multiple wind turbines. BDA can shorten the data distance and reduce the data distribution divergence. Therefore, this paper propose a multiwind turbine condition monitoring method based on balanced distribution adaptive transfer learning. Firstly, the mutual information method based on Copula entropy is used to mine the key influencing parameters of the wind turbine condition; then, a wind turbine condition monitoring model is established based on the GRU model and SPRT method; wind turbine operation data distribution assimilation model based on BDA is constructed, and used for multiwind turbine condition monitoring. Results show that the proposed method can effectively save the modeling cost and calculation cost, and can significantly improve the monitoring efficiency on the premise of ensuring the monitoring accuracy of the operating state of multiple wind turbines.

In order to solve the activepower dynamic oscillation problem of parallel system for traditional energy storage virtual synchronous generator (VSG) and diesel generator set (DGS) under load disturbance, an active power dynamic oscillation suppression strategy for diesel storage microgrid based on activepower proportional differential feedforward VSG (APDFVSG) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the small signal model of the parallel system for energy storage VSG and DGS is established, as well as the influences of virtual inertia, virtual damp and output impedance parameters of energy storage VSG on active power oscillation of the system are analyzed. On this basis, the active power dynamic oscillation suppression strategy based on ADPFVSG is proposed and the corresponding parameter design process is given. Finally, the MATLAB simulation model of the parallel system for energy storage VSG and DGS is established, and the simulation results are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed APDFVSG control strategy in suppressing activepower dynamic oscillation of the dieselstoragemicrogrid.

The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control is proposed to obtain inertial support in the inverter control design, but it will bring the problems of power oscillation. In order to improve the power regulation and operation status of system, this paper proposes a VSG power oscillation suppression strategy based on adaptive fuzzy sliding mode compensation. Firstly, the mathematical model of VSG is constructed, and the causes of VSG oscillation are analysed. Secondly, an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode compensation is designed by Lyapunov function to make its frequency and power angle converge quickly, so as to suppress the power oscillation, and its stability is proved. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show that the proposed VSG control strategy can significantly suppress the power oscillation during startup and power sag. The system overshoot is reduced and the response time is faster, so the system operation state is improved.

The largescale gridforming wind turbine generators (WTGs) will change the frequency response characteristics of the power system, while the traditional lowfrequency load shedding strategy has not taken into account the impact of gridforming wind power, which may lead to unreasonable system load shedding after high power shortage. This paper proposes a lowfrequency load shedding strategy for power systems that considers the frequency response of gridforming wind power. Firstly, based on the virtual inertia of gridforming wind power and the primary frequency control model, a simplified system frequency response model is established that takes into account the frequency response of gridforming wind power. Secondly, the impact of the active power response characteristics of gridforming wind power on the unbalanced power amount of the system is analyzed, and then the unbalanced power amount used to guide multiple rounds of load shedding in the power grid is finely estimated, thus proposing an adaptive lowfrequency load shedding implementation strategy. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the lowfrequency load shedding strategy proposed in this paper were verified through numerical analysis.

A large amount of lowtemperature waste heat generated in the industrial production process dissipates in the atmosphere through flue gas and cooling media. Recovering and utilizing such heat is of a great significance for improving energy efficiency and promoting the achievement of "dual carbon" goals. With a detailed review of cases of utilization of lowtemperature waste heat by existing factories, this paper compares heat exchange schemes and energy conservation effects under different heat source conditions, deriving that lowtemperature waste heat has a wide range of applications from waste heat heating, raw material preheating and antifreezing, waste heat refrigeration to waste heat power generation. It is pointed out that when utilizing lowtemperature waste heat resources, attention should be paid to heat source characteristics and factory needs and utilization approaches adapted to enterprises should be selected. Further, this paper also presents a prospect of the important effect of lowtemperature waste heat in energy conservation and emission reduction.

New energy power stations, while balancing the promotion of consumption and active support of scenario demand configuration for energy storage, will face problems such as random and complex appearances in different scenarios, cross coupling in time series, long solving time of traditional multiobjective optimization algorithms, slow convergence speed, and susceptibility to getting stuck in local solutions. Based on this, this article proposes a new energy storage configuration method suitable for multiple scenarios in new energy power plants. Based on the output data of new energy power stations, daily power prediction data, grid frequency data, etc., typical operating condition curves of energy storage demand are extracted, and an energy storage optimization configuration model is constructed. An improved multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the optimal energy storage configuration of new energy power stations. Finally, simulation analysis was conducted on actual new energy power plants to verify the effectiveness and practicality of the method proposed in this paper.

With the deepening reform of the energy market, the important role of demand response resources in the lowcarbon operation of comprehensive energy systems is becoming increasingly prominent. This article proposes a new strategy for integrated energy systems that considers tiered carbon trading and bidirectional supply and demand responses. Firstly, a stepped carbon trading comprehensive energy system model with a reward and punishment mechanism was established, and based on this model, a bidirectional supply and demand response and compensation mechanism were further proposed. Secondly, an optimization scheduling model was constructed for the system, with the objective function of minimizing the sum of operating costs, demand response compensation costs, and carbon trading costs. Finally, apply the CPLEX toolbox to simulate and solve the optimized model. Through case analysis in different scenarios, this article explores the impact of supply and demand bidirectional response strategies and carbon trading mechanisms on system operation. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed strategy.

The limited availability and supply security issues of traditional energy resources have prompted people to shift towards research on energy interconnection and lowcarbon electricity. Integrated energy systems are gradually becoming a key means to achieve energy coordination and energy conservation and emission reduction. In order to manage carbon emissions and promote the utilization of sustainable energy, this paper proposes a multi regional integrated energy system scheduling model based on the carbon green certificate joint market. Regulatory authorities allocate and adjust carbon emissions, and exchange them through two channels: the carbon trading system and the green certificate market system. This article evaluates the feasibility of introducing a carbon green certificate market mechanism in the Integrated Energy System (IES) and establishes a green certificate joint market framework. This article adopts a combined double auction (CDA) mechanism for bidding to determine the optimal price of green certificates, develops optimization models for heating and natural gas networks, and combines them with the constraints of IES to ensure the stable operation of the system. This article analyzes the impact of changes in carbon trading systems, green certificate market systems, and natural gas prices on system operating costs. The simulation experiment results show that the model can significantly improve the efficiency of the comprehensive energy system and reduce carbon emissions.

In order to improve the fuel economy of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles during short range driving, a vehicle speed prediction model structure VBSnet based on hybrid deep neural network was constructed. This structure not only further improves the convolutional network based on the VGGNet structure, but also introduces a bidirectional long shortterm memory neural network to effectively learn the spatiotemporal dependencies of the entire vehicle speed prediction sequence. Simultaneously considering the influence of prediction time domain and input sequence length on the prediction accuracy of shortrange vehicle speed problems, Bayesian optimization hyperparameters are used to further improve the prediction accuracy of VBSNet. To address the online optimization and computational efficiency issues of energy management strategies, a multiobjective optimization based on model predictive control (MPC) energy management strategy was designed. This strategy can achieve a balance and optimization of hydrogen consumption, lithium battery state of charge (SOC) maintenance, and fuel cell utilization efficiency. Finally, under actual vehicle conditions, the proposed strategy was compared with rulebased strategies, resulting in fuel economy improvements of 7.25%, 9.94% and 19.23%, and better SOC maintenance characteristics.